西方制裁推动俄罗斯转向中国

Western sanctions are pushing Russia to explore deeper financial links with China, according to Moscow’s deputy finance minister.

俄罗斯财政部副部长阿列克谢•莫伊谢耶夫(Alexei Moiseev)表示，西方的制裁正在推动俄罗斯探索与中国发展更深层次的金融联系。

Speaking to the FT during a trip to Beijing, Alexei Moiseev said Russia expected to sign a deal this year that would link China’s national electronic payment network into its own soon-to-be-launched credit card system as part of measures aimed at reducing reliance on the west.

莫伊谢耶夫在访问北京期间告诉英国《金融时报》，俄罗斯预计今年将签署协议，把中国的全国电子支付网络与俄罗斯即将启用的信用卡系统对接，作为减少对西方依赖的措施之一。

The move is just one of a series of new measures aimed at integrating Chinese and Russian financial markets under discussion by Moscow and Beijing. Mr Moiseev candidly said these were being made more urgent by western sanctions on Russia.

此举只是莫斯科和北京正在讨论的推动中俄金融市场一体化的一系列新措施之一。莫伊谢耶夫坦承，西方对俄罗斯的制裁使这些措施变得更加迫切。

“The motivation has increased significantly,” Mr Moiseev said of the closer ties. “We are driven by outside [events] to develop bilateral financial links.”

“动力已显著加大，”莫伊谢耶夫表示，“我们在发展双边金融联系方面受到外部事件的驱动。”

But the deputy finance minister declined to comment on whether Russia was in talks to issue sovereign debt in renminbi, as some bankers have said.

但这位副财长拒绝评论俄罗斯是否像一些银行家所说的那样，正在商谈发行以人民币计值的主权债务。

The agreement with Unionpay, which is usable in 141 countries according to its website, would ease the way for international acceptance of the “Mir” credit card that Russia plans to issue in 2016, said Mr Moiseev. “Clearly we would like our national plastic card system to be as internationally accepted as possible,” he said.

莫伊谢耶夫称，与银联(UnionPay)——其官网称该系统在141个国家可用——达成的协议，将为俄罗斯拟在2016年发行的“Mir”信用卡获得国际接受打通道路。“显然，我们希望我们的全国塑料卡系统尽可能获得国际接受，”他说。

Russia has sought to increase its exposure to China after US and EU sanctions over the Ukraine conflict largely cut the country off from western markets. The finance ministry has struggled to find western banks willing to underwrite a planned $3bn Eurobond after the US Treasury warned them off the deal.

在美国和欧盟因为乌克兰冲突而实施对俄制裁、基本上把俄罗斯挡在西方市场门外之后，俄罗斯寻求与中国加强联系。俄罗斯财政部最近找不到西方银行愿意承销一只30亿美元的欧洲债券(Eurobond)，此前美国财政部警告这些银行不要承接这单业务。

While both Visa and MasterCard continue to operate in Russia, they are banned from doing business with two Russian banks accused by the US of close links to the Kremlin. “The very possibility that Russian banks can be switched off from plastic cards have of course pushed us to make steps,” Mr Moiseev said.

尽管维萨卡(Visa)和万事达卡(MasterCard)继续在俄罗斯开展经营，但它们被禁止与美方指控与克里姆林宫有密切联系的两家俄罗斯银行开展业务。“俄罗斯银行会被塑料卡系统排除在外的可能性当然推动我们采取相应步骤，”莫伊谢耶夫说。

Amid several rounds of negotiations over financial integration, many see Russia’s primary aim as access to China’s debt markets. Western sanctions mean many of Russia’s largest banks and corporations are unable to raise finance in dollars. Historically low oil prices have also hurt Russia’s economy and led to an increase in financing needs.

在俄中围绕金融一体化展开数轮谈判的背景下，很多人认为俄罗斯的首要目标是进入中国的债务市场。西方制裁意味着，许多俄罗斯大银行和企业无法以美元筹集资金。处于历史低位的油价也重创了俄罗斯经济，并带来更大的融资需求。

Meanwhile, China is easing international access to its onshore bond market, estimated at some $6tr — the third largest in the world. Several western banks and corporates, including HSBC and Daimler, as well as South Korea, have over the past year issued so-called “panda bonds”.

与此同时，中国正向境外机构逐渐开放其在岸债券市场；据估计，该市场的规模达到大约6万亿美元，在世界上排名第三。过去一年里，数家西方银行和企业，包括汇丰(HSBC)和戴姆勒(Daimler)，还有韩国政府，发行了所谓的“熊猫债券”。

Bankers have told the FT that talks between Russia and China to issue a renminbi-denominated panda bond are under way, but Mr Moiseev declined to discuss the matter.

据银行家们对英国《金融时报》透露，俄罗斯和中国正在商谈发行一只人民币计价熊猫债券，但莫伊谢耶夫拒绝讨论此事。

“I am deliberately not talking specifically about the Russian Federation borrowing in China or Chinese buying Russian government bonds in Russia,” he said.

“我有意不细谈有关俄罗斯联邦在中国借款、或者中方在俄罗斯购买俄罗斯国债的事情，”他说。

He said his trip to Beijing had the broader aim of promoting the integration of financial infrastructure. “I want to make it much more convenient for investors on both sides to invest,” he added.

他表示，他的北京之行带着促进金融基础设施一体化的更大目标。“我想使双方的投资者在投资时都享有大得多的便利，”他补充说。

He pointed to other recent examples of integration including a dual-taxation treaty which would unlock cross-border investment by lifting taxation on capital gains and coupons. He said topics for discussion also included mutual recognition of credit ratings and auditing standards.

他指出近期其他一些一体化例子，包括一项双重征税协定，它将通过取消对资本利得和利息征税来促进跨境投资。他表示，俄中讨论的话题还包括相互承认信用评级和审计准则。