双语科技百科(工程建筑) 第73期:秦始皇陵
Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shihuang
Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shihuang was built from 246 BC t0 208 BC, by order of Qin Shihuang, the emperor of the first unified country of centralized power and various nationalities in the Chinese history. It is the first and largest imperial mausoleum with the most numerous sacrificial objects in China. The mausoleum is square in shape, with a flat top and ladder-shaped profile. It is 76 metres high, 345 metres long from east to west and 350 metres long from north to south. The total area of the mausoleum and its accompanying building relics is. 120,750 square meters. The grand accompanying sacrificial Terra Cotta pits, with a total area of 25,380 square metres, were constructed from 221 BC t0 209 BC. The pottery warriors and horses in the pits were organized in groups according to the army formation in the Qin Dynasty, which provided vivid materials for researching into the military establishment, fighting modes and army supplies in the Qin Dynasty. The excavation of the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses is considered "the eighth wonder of the world" and "one of the most spectacular archaeological discoveries of the twentieth century". The realistic style of the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses, which serves as a transitional art style in China's history of sculpture, has aroused the worldwide interest.
秦始皇陵是中国历史上第一个多民族的中央集权国家的皇帝秦始皇于公元前246年至公元前208年营建的，也是中国历史上第一个皇帝陵园。其巨大的规模、丰富的陪葬物居历代帝王陵之首。陵墓近似方形，顶部平坦，腰略呈阶梯形。现存高76米，东西长345米，南北宽350米，占地120750平方米的陵墓及大量地面建筑遗迹和陪葬物。兵马俑坑为秦始皇陵的一组大型陪葬坑，建造于公元前221至前209年，总面积25380平方米。这些按当时军阵编组的陶俑、陶马为秦代军事编制、作战方式、骑步卒装备的研究提供了形象的实物资料。兵马俑的发现被誉为“世界第八大奇迹”，“20世纪考古史上的伟大发现之一”。秦俑的写实手法作为中国雕塑史上的承前启后艺术为世界瞩目。
