悲剧的诞生The Birth Of Tragedy 第5期:两神对抗

Yet there is another point about which we do not have to conjecture at all: I mean the profound gap separating the Dionysian Greeks from the Dionysian barbarians.

反之，我们不必凭猜测就可以肯定：醉境中的古希腊人和醉境中的野蛮人之间，当然隔着一道不可逾越的鸿沟。

Throughout the range of ancient civilization (leaving the newer civilizations out of account for the moment) we find evidence of Dionysian celebrations which stand to the Greek type in much the same relation as the bearded satyr, whose name and attributes are derived from the goat, stands to the god Dionysus.

在古代世界所有地方，姑且不谈现代世界，从罗马到巴比伦，我们可以指出到处都有酒神祭式的节会，不过这些类型的节会之于希腊类型的节会，至多是像跳羊怪舞的长胡子萨提儿（这个名称和特征取自山羊）之于酒神而已。

The central concern of such celebrations was, almost universally, a complete sexual promiscuity overriding every form of established tribal law; all the savage urges of the mind were unleashed on those occasions until they reached that paroxysm of lust and cruelty which has always struck me as the "witches' cauldron" par excellence.

所有这些节会的核心，几乎尽是性欲的过分放纵，它的狂潮淹没了一切家庭生活及其可敬的传统；最粗野的兽性蓦然解放，直至酿成情欲与残暴的猥琐的混合；我往往觉得，这堪称为真正的“妖女的淫药”。

It would appear that the Greeks were for a while quite immune from these feverish excesses which must have reached them by every known land or sea route.

然而，有时候，古希腊人对于那些从海陆各方传入希腊的节会的狂热激情，似乎完全有了杜渐防微的对策。

What kept Greece safe was the proud, imposing image of Apollo, who in holding up the head of the Gorgon to those brutal and grotesque Dionysian forces subdued them.

只要在这场合梦神阿波罗的威严赫赫的形象升起来，他拿出美杜莎的头颅便可以慑服任何一种比顽蛮怪诞的酒神节会更为危险的力量。

Doric art has immortalized Apollo's majestic rejection of all license.

梦神这种威严迫人的风度，就体现在多里斯的艺术上，而永垂不朽。

But resistance became difficult, even impossible, as soon as similar urges began to break forth from the deep substratum of Hellenism itself.

然而，一旦酒神的冲动终于从古希腊人的性灵深处发泄出来，拓开一条去路，两者的对抗就更加困难，甚或是不可能。

Soon the function of the Delphic god developed into something quite different and much more limited: all he could hope to accomplish now was to wrest the destructive weapon, by a timely gesture of pacification, from his opponent's hand.

那时候，狄尔斐之神阿波罗的威力减缩了，只好及时地同强敌和解，从他手上夺去那毁灭性的武器。

That act of pacification represents the most important event in the history of Greek ritual; every department of life now shows symptoms of a revolutionary change.

这次和解是希腊宗教崇拜史上最重要的关键；我们无论在何处察看，都可以见到这件大事所引起的变革。

The two great antagonists have been reconciled. Each feels obliged henceforth to keep to his bounds, each will honor the other by the bestowal of periodic gifts, while the cleavage remains fundamentally the same.

两个夙敌已经和解，划清了今后各人应守的界线，有时候还互相馈赠致敬的礼物，但是其间的鸿沟毕竟没有架上桥梁。

And yet, if we examine what happened to the Dionysian powers under the pressure of that treaty we notice a great difference: in the place of the Babylonian Sacaea, with their throwback of men to the condition of apes and tigers, we now see entirely new rites celebrated: rites of universal redemption, of glorious transfiguration.

然而，假如我们见到，在这和平条约压力下，酒神的魔力以什么样子出现，那么，我们试拿希腊酒神祭秘仪的狂欢纵饮，同巴比伦萨刻亚节那使人退化为虎猿的陋习比较一下，就可以在酒神祭中领悟到基督教的救世节和变容祭的意义了。