悲剧的诞生The Birth Of Tragedy 第115期:悲剧性格描写
In another direction also we see at work the power of this un-Dionysian myth-opposing spirit, when we turn our attention to the prevalence of character representation and psychological refinement in tragedy from Sophocles onward.
The character must no longer be expanded into an eternal type, but, on the contrary, must develop individually through artistic subordinate traits and shadings, through the nicest precision of all lines, in such a manner that the spectator is in general no longer conscious of the myth, but of the vigorous truth to nature and the artist's imitative power.
现在，性格再不是扩张为永恒的典型；反之，性格必须个别地刻划，经过艺术的轻描淡写，浓淡分明，使得一切线条极其明确，所以观众一般不再觉得这是神话，而感到描写的迫真和艺术家的摹仿能力。Here also we observe the victory of the phenomenon over the universal, and the delight in a unique, almost anatomical preparation; we are already in the atmosphere of a theoretical world, where scientific knowledge is valued more highly than the artistic reflection of a universal law.
这里，我们也见到个别现象战胜普遍性和诗人的近乎解剖手法的个别描写的爱好；我们已经呼吸到理论世界的气氛，那里科学知识被目为高于艺术对普遍规律的反映。
The movement in the direction of character delineation proceeds rapidly: while Sophocles still portrays complete characters and employs myth for their refined development, Euripides already draws only prominent individual traits of character, which can express themselves in violent bursts of passion.
沿着性格描写的路线的运动迅速继续前进，当索福克勒斯还是描写全面性格并且运用神话来予以细致发展之际，欧里庇德斯已经只刻划在激情暴发时所表现的显著的个性特征；In the New Attic Comedy, however, there are only masks with one expression: frivolous old men, duped panders, and cunning slaves, recurring incessantly.
在阿提刻新喜剧则只有一种表情的面影：轻率的老人，受骗的王八，猾狡的家奴，千篇一律，反复出现。Where now is the mythopoeic spirit of music? What still remains of music is either excitatory or reminiscent music, that is, either a stimulant for dull and faded nerves, or tone-painting.
音乐的神话创造精神于今安在呢？劫后残存的音乐，不是兴奋的音乐，便是回忆的音乐，换句话说，它不是对迟钝衰弱的神经的兴奋剂，便是写声的画景。As regards the former, it hardly matters about the text set to it: as soon as his heroes and choruses begin to sing, everything becomes pretty slovenly in Euripides; to what pass must things have come with his impertinent successors?
至于前者，所配的歌词对它几乎没有甚么关系；欧里庇德斯的英雄和歌队一旦开始歌唱，便已经是放荡不羁了，何况他的卤莽的后继者更不知达到甚么地步？
