悲剧的诞生The Birth Of Tragedy 第80期:孑然一身走入另一世界

The third place went to Sophocles, who had boasted that, in contrast to Aeschylus, he not only did the right thing but knew why he did it.

索福克勒斯名列第三，他自诩比诸埃斯库罗斯做了更正确的事，而且正因为他知道甚么是正确的，所以毅然为之。

Evidently it was the transparency of their knowledge that earned for these three men the reputation of true wisdom in their day.

这三人之所以同样被称为“有识之士”，显然是因为他们有这种明确的知识罢了。

It was Socrates who expressed most clearly this radically new prestige of knowledge and conscious intelligence when he claimed to be the only one who acknowledged to himself that he knew nothing.

关于这种对知识和见识的空前的新估价，苏格拉底曾说过最精辟的话，他发现自己是唯一自认为无知的人；

He roamed all over Athens, visiting the most distinguished statesmen, orators, poets and artists, and found everywhere merely the presumption of knowledge.

他怀着批判的心情走遍雅典，拜访过最伟大的政治家，演讲家，诗人，艺术家，但处处唯见人们以知识自负。

He was amazed to discover that all these celebrities lacked true and certain knowledge of their callings and pursued those callings by sheer instinct.

他愕然发现，所有这些名人对于自己的业务也没有真知灼见，他们只靠本能执业罢了。

The expression "sheer instinct" seems to focus perfectly the Socratic attitude.

“只靠本能”，我们凭借这句话可以接触到苏格拉底倾向的要点和核心。

From this point of view Socrates was forced to condemn both the prevailing art and the prevailing ethics.

苏格拉底主义以这句话非难当代的艺术和当代的道德。

Wherever his penetrating gaze fell he saw nothing but lack of understanding, fictions rampant, and so was led to deduce a state of affairs wholly discreditable and perverse.

苏格拉底以探索的眼光到处观察，而只见到处尽是真知的贫乏，偏见的猖獗，他便推断当代情况之所以荒谬恼人，主要是由于缺乏真知灼见。

Socrates believed it was his mission to correct the situation: a solitary man, arrogantly superior and herald of a radically dissimilar culture, art, and ethics, he stepped into a world whose least hem we should have counted it an honor to have touched.

从此以后，苏格拉底就认为他有移风易俗的责任，他以清高孤傲的气宇，以一种截然不同的文化、艺术、道德之先驱者的姿态，孑然一身走入另一世界之中，我们倘能以肃然起敬的心情触到他的衣边，也引为莫大幸事了。