中英双语话中国历史名人 第57期:陆游

Lu You (1125~1210), literary name Fangweng, courtesy name Wuguan was one of the most important and prolific Chinese writers of the Southern Song Dynasty, noted for his collection of nearly 10 000 poems as well as numerous prose pieces.

陆游(1125~1210),多务观，号放翁。南宋最为重要和多产的作家之一，写了近10 000一首诗还有许多散文而著称。

Primarily a poet, Lu gained renown for his simple, direct expression and for his attention to realistic detail, features that set him apart from the elevated and allusive style characteristic of the prevailing Jiangxi school of poetry.

作为一名诗人，他以简朴、直接的表达和对现实细节的观注闻名。陆游的诗所具有的这些特征与当时盛行的江西诗派严肃、隐喻的特征相背离。

As a conservative in matters of form, however, he wrote a number of poems in the gushi ("old poetry") mode and excelled at the lüshi ("regulated poetry") form, the sharply defined tonal matical patterns of which had been perfected by the great masters of the Tang Dynasty.

然而陆游在形式上是保守的，写了许多占诗并且擅长写律诗:律诗的音律早在唐代就被大师们完善了。

Lu has been most admired for the ardour of his patriotic poems, in which he protested the Jin invasion of Song in 1126, the year after his birth, and chided the Southern Song court for its passive attitude toward driving out the invaders and reconquering its lost northern territories.

陆游还因他的爱国主义诗篇里洋溢的爱国热情而备受仰慕，在这些诗篇里，他抗议金国1126年(他出生后的那一年)对宋朝的人侵，斥责南宋朝廷对赶走金人收复失地所持的被动态度。

Because of his hawkish views, expressed at a time when the displaced court was controlled by a peace faction, Lu failed to advance in his career as an imperial official. Four times demoted for his outspoken opinions, Lu finally resigned his civil-service commission and retired to his country estate.

陆游的观点强硬，而南迁的朝廷由求和派控制着，所以作为朝官他的事业未能有所进展。

During retirement Lu devoted most of his poetry to the appreciation and praise of rural life.

陆游曾因坦率直言被降职四次，所以他最终辞职还乡。

Like the poet Tao Qian, whom he took as his model, Lu depicted the rural countryside in homely detail, evoking its moods and scenes through fresh and precise imagery.

辞官后，陆游的大多数诗都表达了对农村生活的欣赏和赞美，他以陶潜为榜样，以朴实的细节描述农村居民，通过清晰精确的意象再现农村的印象和景色。