关于优秀英语文章带翻译
对于当代初中学生来讲,英语阅读能力在很大程度上影响着其英语语用能力。下面是本站小编带来的关于优秀英语文章带翻译，欢迎阅读!
hildren’s numerical skills
people appear to born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and soinexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding theirgrowth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impress accuracy---one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of nothingthat they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that thisamounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on tosubtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desertisland at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists hasilluminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Childrenwere observed as they slowly grasped-----or, as the case might be, bumped into-----conceptsthat adults take for quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short glass into a tall thinone. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in apile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, andwith effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers------theidea of a oneness,
a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doinganything more mathematically demanding than setting a table-----is itself far from innate
儿童的数学能力
人似乎生来就会计算。孩子们使用数字的技能发展得如此之早和如此必然，很容易让人想象有一个内在的精确而成熟的数字钟在指导他们的成长。
孩子们在学会走路和说话后不久，就能以令人惊叹的准确布置桌子--五把椅子前面分别摆上一把刀、一个汤匙、一把叉
子。很快地，他们就能知道他们已在桌面上摆放了五把刀、五个汤匙、五把叉子。没有多久，他们就又能知道这些东西加起来总共是15把银餐具。
如此这般地掌握了加法之后，他们又转向减法。有一种设想几乎顺理成章，那就是，即使一个孩子一出生就被隔绝到荒岛
上，七年后返回世间，也能直接上小学二年级的数学课，而不会碰到任何智力调整方面的大麻烦。当然，事实并没有这么简单。
本世纪认知心理学家的工作已经揭示了智力发展所依赖的日常学习的微妙形式。他们观察到孩子们缓慢掌握那些成年人认为理所当然的概念的
过程，或者是孩子们偶然遇到这些概念的过程。他们也观察到孩子们拒绝承认某些常识的情况。比如：
孩子们拒绝承认当水从短而粗的瓶中倒入细而长的瓶子中时，水的数量没有变化。心理学家们而后又展示一个例子，
即：让孩子们数一堆铅笔时，他们能顺利地报出蓝铅笔或红铅笔的数目，但却需诱导才能报出总的数目。此类研究表明：数学基础是经过逐渐努力后掌握的。
他们还表示抽象的数字概念，如可表示任何一类物品并且是在做比摆桌子有更高数学要求的任何事时都必备的一、二、三意识，远远不是天生就具备的。
关于优秀英语文章带翻译篇二The Origin of Sports
When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport ismuch older than humankind, for , as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and catswrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable icking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstratingstrong, transgenerational and transspecies bonds with the universe of animals – past, present,and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh(or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears to serve noother purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarilyfrom the anguish of life in earnest.
Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put ourcreative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battlesagainst scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This isa grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the originsof our highest accomplishments ---- liturgy, literature, and law ---- can be traced to a playimpulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Oursports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations ofthe nondatable, transspecies play impulse.
体育的起源
体育运动开始于何时?如果体育运动的本质就是游戏的话，我们就可以宣称体育运动比
人类古老，因为正如我们所观察到的，野兽也进行嬉戏。狗和猫会扭抱玩球，鱼和鸟翩翩起舞，猿类会进行一些简单的、愉快的游戏。
雀跃的幼儿，捉迷藏的学童和成年摔跤者展示出人与动物界的有力的跨越世代与物种的永恒的联系--特别是幼兽，它们翻筋斗、追逐、
奔跑、扭打、模仿、嬉笑(或者看起来是)，直到愉快地精疲力尽。他们的玩耍，同我们的
一样，似乎并没有别的目的而只是给游戏者以愉悦，暂时把我们从严肃生活的痛苦中拉出来。一些哲学家称我们的嬉戏是我们本质中最崇高的部分。
依他们这些随意性很大的见解，游戏无害而且实验性地允许我们的创造力、幻想和想象发挥作用。游戏让人们从永不间断亦
不可避免的生活悲剧-与乏匮和衰退进行的枯燥抗争中得到一种解脱。这是一个令人兴奋、给人启发的伟大见解。
这种见解的持有者宣称，我们的最高成就如宗教典礼、文学、法律的起源可以追溯到游戏的冲动。但令人不解的是我们看到只有幼兽和小孩子才最纯粹地享
受着这种冲动。从这种比较豁达和非宿命的人性观来看，我们的运动是超时代、跨物种的辉煌的创造。
关于优秀英语文章带翻译篇三Ford
Although Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.
In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced – in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness, industriousness, and dependability. Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.
亨利•福特
尽管亨利•福特的名字和大生产的概念相连，但他在劳工保护上得到同样的赞誉，因为
他早在1913年便实行了用今天的标准来衡量依然是先进的标准。安全措施得到改进，日工作时间从当时普遍的10或12小时减少到8小时。
为了适应更短的日工作时间，整个工厂从双班变成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工伤医疗得以制度化。福特汽车公司是最早建
立技术学校来培训专门技工和为移民开设英语学校的工厂之一。公司甚至为雇佣残疾人和
有前科的人而作出了一些努力。最受广泛称赞的革新是实行五美元一天的最低工资。其目的是招收和留住那些最好的技工并阻碍工会的发展。
福特从效率和利润分享的角度来解释这项新的工资政策。他也提到这样一个事实，他的员工可以买他们生产的汽车--这实际上是为其产品另开辟了一个市场。
为了够资格得到最低工资，员工必须建立一个得体的家庭并显示出良好的个人习惯，包括节制、俭省、勤勉和可靠。虽然有人批评福特过多地干涉
了员工的私人生活，但毫无疑问，在移民们被用恶劣的方式剥削的时代，亨利•福特却帮助了许多人在美国扎下根来。
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