高一英语必考知识点
高一是初高中的过渡时期,在高中的起始阶段对学生英语听力能力培养的重要性具有非凡的意义。高一英语有哪些必考知识点呢?接下来本站小编为你整理了高一英语必考知识点，一起来看看吧。
it的概念：
it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。
it 的用法：
1、it可指天气、温度、时间、距离等 。
如：It is cold today, isn't it?
2、用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
如：The dog is not acold-blooded animals. It doesn't need to hibernate.
3、为避免重复，it可用来代替前面说过的短语或句子。
如：I tried to persuade my father to give up smoking, but found it impossible. (it=to persuade my father to give up smoking)
4、代替指示代词this，that。
如：—What's this?
—It's an album.
—Whose new bike is that?
—It's Mary's.
注：it与one，that的区别：
it=the(this, that)+名词，特指并且代替前面所提到的某特定事物。
如：He's bought a new car, so he drives it everywhere to show ito ff.
one=a+名词，one指前面提到的同类事物中的不同的另一个。
如：He needs a computer, but he can't afford one.
that=the+名词，that指代的名词与前面的名词属于同一类，但不属同一个。
如：The population of China is larger than that of Japan. that指代population，但其后有一个of短语作定语，以区别于the population of China。
注：it与that的异同：
it指同一事物，that指同类但并不是同一事物。
如：I like the climate of Kunming more than that of Beijing.
The climate of Kunming is mild, and I like it.
5、It/This/That+be+the first(second, third...) time+that-clause 这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是一般现在时is时，从句要用现在完成时;如果主句用一般过去时was时，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。
如：This is the first time(that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
It was the fifth time(that) I had paid a friendly visit to America.
6、在一些相对固定的词组中，没有特殊含义，经常不翻译。
如：He's never really made it as an actor. 作为演员，他从未获得过真正的成功。
It is my turn. 轮到我了。
强调句中的it：
可以用来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调：
1)强调句的基本句型it's/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分
原句：I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
强调主语：It was I that/who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.
或：It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.
2)强调句的一般疑问句型Is/Was+it+所强调部分+that/who...?
如：Was it you that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
3)强调句的特殊疑问句型疑问词+is/was+it+that/who...?
如：Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?
【注】强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，即都含有it is(was)。但，区别在于：强调句去掉it is(was)…that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样。
如：(It is)our hope(that) the two sides will work towards peace.
解析：去掉It is…that之后，句子是不成立的。由此得出该句不是强调句，而是一个简单的主语从句，it是形式主语，从句是真正的主语。
高一英语必考知识点：冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)，定冠词(the)，和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法
1 | 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of | A plane is a machine that can fly. |
2 | 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 | A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 |
3 | 表示“每一”相当于every，one | We study eight hours a day. |
4 | 表示“相同”相当于the same | We are nearly of an age. |
5 | 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 | — Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A.不填 That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） |
6 | 用于固定词组中 | a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time |
7 | 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 | This room is rather a big one. |
8 | 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 | She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. |
9 | 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 | success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure失败的人或事 a pity a good knowledge of精通掌握某一方面的知识 |
II. 定冠词的用法
1 | 表示某一类人或物 | In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the |
2 | 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 | the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean |
3 | 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 | Would you mind opening the door? |
4 | 用于演奏乐器 | play the violin, play the guitar |
5 | 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 | the reach, the living, the wounded |
6 | 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5） | —Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? |
7 | 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 | He is the taller of the two children. |
8 | 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 | the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French |
9 | 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 | The compass was invented in China. |
10 | 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 | in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代) |
11 | 用于表示度量单位的名词前 | I hired the car by the hour. |
12 | 用于方位名词，身体部位名词 | He patted me on the shoulder. |
III. 不用冠词(又名零冠词)的用法
1 | 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 | Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air |
2 | 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 | I want this book, not that one. / |
3 | 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 | March, Sunday, National Day, spring |
4 | 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 | Lincoln was made President of America. |
5 | 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 | He likes playing football/chess. |
6 | 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前 | We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the |
7 | 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 | husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night |
8 | 表示泛指的复数名词前 | Horses are useful animals. |
规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es(参看有关语法书)。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表
规 | 例 | ||
1 | 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 | man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice | |
2 | 单复数相同 | sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species | |
3 | 只有复数形式 | ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents | |
4 | 一些集体名词总是用作复数 | people, police, cattle, staff | |
5 | 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员） | audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party | |
6 | 复数形式表示特别含义 | customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) | |
7 | 表示“某国人” | 加-s | Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans |
单复数同形 | Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese | ||
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women | Englishmen, Frenchwomen | ||
8 | 合成名词 | 将主体名词变为复数 | sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends |
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 | grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches | ||
将两部分变为复数 | women singers, men servants | ||
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