马化腾在第四届中美互联网论坛的发言

中国的云计算发展面临三大挑战
——在第四届中美互联网论坛的发言
腾讯首席执行官 马化腾
2010年11月8日

Cloud computing in China: prospects, key technologies, major challenges
By Ma Huateng
Chairman of the Board and CEO of Tencent
November 8, 2010

腾讯作为中国最大的互联网企业之一，12年来的成长经历可以说鉴证了中国互联网产业从到有从弱到强的发展奇迹，今天关注中美两国互联网发展的朋友们聚集一堂共同分享腾讯如何看待云计算在中国的发展状况和前景，以及我们所关注的关键的技术，以及它对于未来互联网行业乃至整个IT行业的影响。
Tencent is China's largest privately owned enterprise oriented toward comprehensive Internet business. Founded 12 years ago, it is a testament to the miraculous development of China's Internet industry. Today, all friends connected with the industry gather together here, giving me a precious opportunity to share with you some of our thoughts on the development and prospects of cloud computing in China, our technological focuses, and the influence of cloud computing on the Internet industry and the entire IT industry.

首先我简单介绍一下腾讯，腾讯为全国4亿网民提供高质量服务的企业，它提供从及时通讯，网络媒体，网络游戏，搜索引擎到电子商务完整的电子服务，今天随着云计算计算的兴起，为所有的互联网用户提供更反变得应用提供可能性，也为我们互联网今后的发展提供广阔的空间。
As China's largest Internet company, Tencent offers high-quality network services to 400 million users across the country. We boast all kinds of Internet businesses, including instant-communication tools, online media, online games, SNS societies, search engines and e-business. Such a wide service range is rare both in China and in the other parts of the world. The advanced cloud computing technology has made it possible for Internet users to enjoy good services more conveniently and opened a spacious room for the development of the Internet industry in the following years.

云计算从概念到实现只有短短几年时间，腾讯也赶上了这一次的浪潮，不同的公司对云计算有不同的解读，对我们来说云计算就是应用公共网络设施对逻辑的组建，像水和电一样融入大家的生活，为用户提供海量一站式的服务，通过云计算可以让用户在任何时间地点访问任何信息，让他们获得在PC时代和网络初期无法得到使用。
It only took cloud computing a few years to change from a vague idea to real technology. Chinese Internet companies, including Tencent, caught the trend fortunately. Different companies may have a different understanding on this technology. For Tencent, the key value of cloud computing is that it can utilize the public network structure to make our computing ability, processing ability and logic components as assessable as household tap water and electricity. With the aid of cloud computing, we can help users to acquire any information anytime, anywhere. This is an unprecedented convenience as compared with the PC era and the initial periods of the Internet era. This is our understanding of cloud computing platform.

我们在云计算投入了大量的人力资金和物力。我们正在建立亚洲最大的数据中心以及对云计算提供硬件资源的支撑，同时开发用于支持分布式存储，变形计算支持云计算的平台，中国一些其它的互联网企业在云计算的基础上做了一些布局，中国政府和我们企业界也在共同制订云计算的国家标准。
In recent years, the Chinese government and Chinese enterprises have invested large quantities of funds, devices and personnel to develop cloud computing technologies. For instance, Tencent is building Asia's largest data center to support a cloud platform and developing a cloud computing platform to support distributed storage, parallel computing and intelligent resource management. Other Chinese enterprises are also working on cloud computing hardware and related support. At the same time, the government is working with the industry to set up relative national standards.

我们想结合我们的特点谈谈云计算，除了超级数据中心等等的云计算平台以外，我想着重讲三方面的技术和挑战。
Now, I would like to talk about the major technologies and challenges Tencent is focusing on. Since you are all familiar with super data centers, high-speed broadband network and the cloud computing platform that can manage these hardware devices and systems, I will show you three other key technologies and challenges.

首先是信息安全。如果我们把以往个人和企业的计算机比做自己家里的保险柜，把信息比作现金，过去把信息存储在自己计算机的做法相当于把现金放在自己的保险柜里这样当然是既不利于使用也不利于流通，云计算就是相当于现在的银行，把现金存在银行里面，实际上比自的保险对是既安全又方便，首先是这个银行是有信用的，云计算能够得到普及和得到所有互联网用户的认可，关键在于互联网安全能否做好，一方面使用户可以方便使用云端的服务，一方面是这些服务和隐私是得到保护的我们知道便利性和安全性是矛盾的。在技术上如何解决这个问题，关系到云计算得到广大用户的认可。在过去几年，云计算在24小时不间断的保护用户的信息，基本上满足了用户随时随地使用在线产品的便利性，保证他们的安全性，这样的前提下用户可以放心的把原本在本地存储的终端信息防盗云端的数据银行当中。另外一方面我们要在法律和政策上制止任何危害用户信息安全问题的发生，保证云计算产业有良好的发展。
First, information security. Let's make a comparison. If personal computers and company computers are like one's safe, and if information is money, the practice of storing information in a computer is like putting money in his safe, which is, of course, inconvenient and not good for liquidity. Instead, depositing money in a bank is more convenient and safer, on the condition that the bank is secure and credible. In this sense, the key to popularizing cloud computing technology and gaining users' recognition is how safe the Internet is. In terms of technology, efforts should be made to ensure that users can conveniently use services in the cloud and that the services are safe and that users' privacy is protected. We all know that in the online world, it's difficult to realize convenience and safety at the same time. How to address the issue becomes the key to popularizing cloud computing. In the past decade, Tencent has made continuous efforts to develop technologies on information security. A professional team is working 24 hours a day to protect user information with the best devices and solutions. Generally speaking, we are now able to offer users easy access to our online products and services anytime, anywhere and ensure their information is safe. In this situation, users are willing to use our cloud services and move data from their own terminals to our cloud-based "data bank." With regard to laws and policies, efforts should be made to prohibit acts that may harm the safety of user information, thus to foster an environment conducive to the development of cloud computing and the entire industry.第二大点就是通用和标准开放的平台。云计算的一个好处就是不受终端系统限制，给用户带来连贯性的体验，比如我们的个人电脑从传统的PC向手机和平板电脑、互联网电视、车载资讯的娱乐终端等智能终端发展，操作系统也出现新兴系统百花齐放的局面，云计算要支持这些系统就要做好标准化通用性。在标准化方面，微软和中国工业界正在制定统一的标准，云计算的目的之一是要将计算资源以最经济的方式提供给社会。由于它的规模巨大，不可能每一个企业和机构都发展自己的云计算平台，而是由主要的互联网公司提供给全社会，为了强调这个目的我们强调云计算平台是在通用的标准上提供的，能否做到开放和合作，关乎到云计算技术能否普及，以及能否带动整个IT产业上下游的发展，云计算要像提供水了电一样为中小机构提供计算能力，海量输出和带宽资源，如果云计算的提供商将它作为垄断资源，将云计算作为控制中小企业及互联网上下游的工具，用一些条条框框把这些属于产业链中下游的业务变成约束在自己的业务中，从长远来说会伤害到整个IT产业链。腾讯本着互通互利的原则，希望共同发展完善云计算的产业链，不仅让广大用户通过云计算平台共享信息和服务，也要让中小企业机构分享云计算的成果，基于云计算发展增值服务。
The second thing I want to talk about is the platform, which should be universal, standardized and open to all. An advantage of cloud computing is the consistent experience it offers users on all terminals and systems. Currently, the scope of "personal computer" has expanded from traditional PC and Mac computers to smart terminals like cell phones, flat-panel computers, Internet TV and car infotainment systems. And computer operating systems have seen a rigorous development, with Android, iOS, Meego and other new systems emerging in addition to Windows. To support all these terminals and systems, cloud computing must be standardized and universal. Now, the government is working with Internet enterprises, including Tencent, to set up unified standards. An objective of cloud computing is to make computing resources accessible to the whole society in the most economic way. Given the large scale of the work, it's impossible and unnecessary for every enterprise and institution to develop its own cloud computing platform. This work can be done by major Internet companies. To achieve the objective, Tencent insists that the cloud computing platform be universal, standardized and open to all. The openness and cooperativeness of the platform is key to its popularity and its influence on IT Industry and national economy. Platform suppliers should ensure their computing abilities, mass data storage and bandwidths can be as available as water and electricity for small- and medium-sized enterprises and research institutions. If suppliers take cloud computing as a monopolized resource, use it to control enterprises in the midstream and downstream industry and make special rules to force the enterprises to use these services, the entire IT industry will be ruined in the long run. In the principle of openness, cooperation and mutual benefit, Tencent hopes to work with other Internet companies to promote technological development and industry development based on cloud computing. We hope to help Internet users share information and services on cloud platform, help small- and medium-sized enterprises and research institutions share cloud computing results and make our contributions to the development of value-added, cloud-based products and services.

第三大点就是我想谈一下基于云计算的应用和服务。云计算是个载体，它上面的各种服务才是实质，没有这些应用和服务，云计算就成了一个摆设，一个泡沫。我们要在云计算的基础上整合各种已经有的IT服务，从通信、媒体、办公自动化、网络游戏、SNS、搜索引擎到电子商务等等完整的各种各样的互联网应用，这样才能真正给用户带来好处，下面我有一个腾讯的例子是我们QQ的云应用，分享我们在云应用方面的策略，这个例子里面我们可以看到云计算为互联网用户带来的价值，以及对互联网和IT产业的影响。我们的目标是创建一个用户携带自己的使用组合，使用习惯，以及隐私数据的任何平台，首先我们要提供一个跨终端跨系统的体系，现在终端的大量涌现，我们QQ的云是搭建一个云体系，确保用户可以得到完善的云服务体验，QQ云提供了一个免下载，免安装，即插即用的平台，为用户解决了各种烦恼。同时云也可以携带各种组合到任何一个场景，也可以为用户提供量身定做的个性化服务，以及用用户的关系网络，完成社区化的服务。基于云计算平台，可以做到客户不仅可以按照时间场景选择不同的组合，也可以同步到自己每个终端甚至功用的设备上，以及处理方式的选择信息接受等等方面，我们在云计算倡导市场性的开放心态，为了营造一个健康的生态环境和产业连，QQ云平台对第三方开发者和商业伙伴来讲是完全开放和透明的。我们希望不仅是腾讯还是合作伙伴，第三方开发者还是个人都可以创造自己的云应用，并分享和提供到应用市场上去。QQ将云应用为提供商作为基础服务，比如终端兼容，个性化设置，关系链传播，支付体系等等，通过丰富的应用，便捷的管理，安全的使用，让客户的个性化使用得到体现，同时让应用提供商能够接触到巨大的用户群和关系链，共同开拓新的市场机会。
The third thing I want to talk about is the key role of cloud applications and services. Cloud computing is only a bearer. Services and applications based on it are the most important. Without the services and applications, cloud computing is useless. Therefore, Tencent will integrate all IT services, including instant communication tools, online media, office automation, online games, SNS societies, search engines and e-business, on the basis of cloud computing. Only in this way can we bring real benefits to users. Next, I will take the QQ cloud as an example to show you our strategy on cloud application. After my explanation, you will see the values cloud computing can bring to users, and you will see the influence cloud computing can leave on the Internet and IT industries. The objective of the QQ cloud is to build an application platform where users can safely bring their service portfolio, online habits and private data to any other scenes. To achieve this, we will first offer users consistent trans-terminal, trans-system services. Currently, there are a variety of terminals and systems, such as the PC, smart phone and flat-panel computer, but they all use the Web as the application platform. Based on the Web, the QQ cloud tries to build a complete cloud-application system to ensure that users can enjoy consistent cloud services. The QQ cloud offers a browser-server, plug-and-play cloud platform, saving users from troubles caused by various terminals. Meanwhile, it allows users to safely bring their cloud service portfolio, user habits and private data to any other application scene. Based on the cloud platform, the QQ cloud can provide users with customized services and social services based on users' contact chain. Users' demands and habits differ. In the past, such information was stored on their own terminals, unable to be taken to other places. Now, based on the cloud platform, we can help users choose different service portfolios according to the time and the scene and safely synchronize the portfolios between various terminals or public devices. Users can use the portfolios, including UI, application settings and message receiving and processing mode, in a familiar environment in their accustomed way. Meanwhile, users can share their cloud applications, experiences and creations with friends in their societies. We always stress that cloud computing development needs the efforts of the entire IT industry and the whole society. We advocate an open, market-oriented business environment. The QQ cloud is an open platform. It's impossible to have any single company develop all applications and services. To build a healthy, win-win industrial environment, the QQ cloud platform is open and transparent to all third-party developers and commercial partners. We hope that in addition to Tencent, our partners, competitors, independent developers and even individual users can create their cloud applications and share or sell them in application market. The QQ cloud will provide application suppliers with basic services, such as terminal compatibility, customized settings, cloud storage, contact chain spreading, application management and payment system. With abundant applications, convenient management and safe usage, the QQ cloud is able to meet users' customized demands and better achieve user values. At the same time, it will give application suppliers access to users and contact chains, to better integrate upstream industry with downstream industry and make a joint exploration of new market potentials.

刚才谈了三个挑战性问题，我们希望基于云计算平台为客户提供更多价值，通过开放和合作，为IT行业提供新的商机。
By developing the aforementioned technologies, by solving the three challenges I just talked about, Tencent hopes to bring more benefits to users with the support of cloud platform. In the principle of openness and cooperation, we hope to find more business opportunities for the IT industry.

中美互联网论坛已经举行了四届，成为两国互联网业界最重要的交流和合作的机制，腾讯也在积极布局海外，包括美国在内的其它市场的网络用户提供产品和服务，我们也希望通过中美互联网论坛这一平台，与两国的互联网企业加强交流，共同探讨互联网行业新的趋势，新技术和新的理念，为推动中美乃至全球互联网的繁荣与发展做出贡献！
Four sessions of the China-U.S. Internet Forum has been successfully held. This forum has become a major communication and cooperation mechanism for the Internet industry of the two countries. Tencent is working hard to explore overseas markets to offer products and services to network users in the U.S. and other countries. We sincerely hope to take the advantage of this forum to enhance our communications with Internet companies in the two countries, discuss new trends, new technologies and new ideas of the industry and make our contribution to the development of the Internet in both China and the U.S., as well as other countries of the world!

谢谢大家。
Thank you!