俄罗斯总统普京接受新华社社长独家专访
俄罗斯总统普京接受新华社社长独家专访
Xinhua’s Exclusive Interview with Putin
俄罗斯总统普京访华前夕，6月17日晚，新华社社长蔡名照在普京总统的家乡圣彼得堡对其进行独家专访。在圣彼得堡国际经济论坛会场的一个房间，普京总统兴致勃勃，与蔡名照进行一对一的交流，详细回答了蔡名照提出的关于双边关系、中俄经贸、上海合作组织、国际合作等问题，采访持续了约一小时。以下为专访全文：
Russian President Vladimir Putin, in an hour-long exclusive interview with Xinhua President Cai Mingzhao ahead of his upcoming visit to China, elaborated his views on bilateral ties, China-Russia trade, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and international cooperation, among other following is the full text of Xinhua’s exclusive interview with Putin:
蔡名照：尊敬的普京总统阁下！在您再次访问中国前夕，我能够在您美丽的家乡——圣彼得堡对您进行独家采访，感到非常荣幸！请允许我代表新华社向您表示敬意。
Cai: Honorable President Putin, it is my great pleasure to have an exclusive interview with you here in your beautiful hometown St. Petersburg, ahead of your once-again visit to China. Please allow me to express our respect to you on behalf of Xinhua News Agency.
普京：谢谢。
Putin: Thanks.
蔡名照：在习近平主席和您的共同推动下，中俄关系正处在历史最好时期。我相信，今天这次对您的专访，也将有助于中俄关系的发展。请允许我开始提问。
Cai: Thanks to the joint efforts made by Chinese President Xi Jinping and you, the China-Russia relationship is currently at its best in history. I believe that today’s interview will also be conducive to our bilateral relations. Shall we start the interview please?
普京：请。
Putin: Yes, please.
蔡名照：据我们统计，习近平主席去年和您有过5次会晤，您近期又将访问中国。在习主席和您的共同推动下，中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系不断深化。今年是《中俄睦邻友好合作条约》签署15周年，也是中俄战略协作伙伴关系建立20周年。您认为，当前中俄关系有哪些亮点？发展的前景如何？您对这次访华有何期待？
Cai: According to our calculation, President Xi had five meetings with you last year. And you are visiting China again very soon. The China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination has been deepened thanks to the joint efforts made by President Xi and year marks the 15th anniversary of the signing of the Sino-Russian Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, as well as 20th anniversary of the establishment of the China-Russia strategic partnership of coordination. What in your opinion are the highlights of China-Russia ties? What are their future prospects? What do you expect from this visit?
普京：您说我们两国关系处在非常高的水平，这实际上已经对我们两国的关系作出了评价。
Putin: You said our bilateral relations are standing at a very high level, which is your comment on our bilateral ties.
我在此想提醒贵社读者关注两个节点。20年前，我们宣布构建一种新型关系,即战略协作伙伴关系；15年前，我们签署了友好合作条约。在此期间，大量工作得以完成，使我们之间的互信达到了前所未有的高度，这种互信构成了我们双边合作的基础。
Here, I want to remind Xinhua readers of two historical junctures:Twenty years ago, we announced a new type of relations – a strategic partnership; 15 years ago we signed the Sino-Russian Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. As a lot of work has been done since then, trust between Russia and China has reached an uNPRecedented level and laid a solid foundation for bilateral cooperation.
由于我们之间的关系在过去大概从未企及这样的水平，所以我们的专家甚至难以对我们今天所从事的共同事业的现状给出评判。其实，简单地称之为战略协作甚至已经不够了。因此，我们开始说它是全面战略协作伙伴关系。“全面”意味着我们几乎要在所有至关重要的领域开展工作。而“战略”则表明我们正赋予它对两国而言极其重要的意义。
Since it is a level that probably has never been reached in our relationship in the past, it is very hard for our experts to define today’s common cause that binds our two countries together. In fact, it is not enough now to simply call it a strategic coordination. Therefore, we started to call it “a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination.” The word “comprehensive” means that we are cooperating on almost all vital areas, and “strategic” demonstrates the prime importance we are attaching to our relationship.
您提及了我与习近平主席之间的协作。的确如此。我跟他之间的工作，我们这一层面的工作，当然是两国关系发展毋庸置疑的驱动器，起着促进作用。我们在自身层面上讨论相互协作战略中的基础性问题。习近平主席本人非常重视俄中关系的发展。他是很好的朋友、非常可靠的伙伴。
You mentioned the coordination between President Xi and me. Indeed, the work between us, the work at our level, serves without doubt as an engine for the development of bilateral relations. We are currently discussing together some basic issues in our cooperative strategy. President Xi himself values a lot the development of Russia-China relations. He is a very good friend and reliable partner.
然而要想实现俄中关系的顺利发展，仅凭我们的努力是不够的。为此，当然需要进一步完善俄罗斯联邦与中华人民共和国政府之间的工作机制。两国政府首脑定期举行会晤。20多个分委会、政府间委员会组建起来，我记得有26个分委会，在这些机构当中，所有同仁非常高效而紧张地工作着。我们远非总是能够就复杂的问题迅速达成一致，但所有问题，无论多么复杂，我们都能让它们服务于共同的目标，即推动彼此之间的合作，所以我们总能找到解决之策。
However, the smooth growth of Russia-China ties cannot merely depend on our efforts. It calls for further improving the working mechanism between the governments of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. The heads of government of our two countries meet on a regular basis. More than 20 sub-commissions and intergovernmental commissions have been set up – I believe there are 26 sub-commissions in fact. People in these commissions are working diligently and efficiently. Although the two countries are still far from being able to swiftly reach consensus on every complicated problem, we always share the common goal of pushing forward our cooperation no matter how complex the issues are. So we always find a solution.
世界经济面临众所周知的难关，这也体现到我们的协作当中，两国商品贸易总额有所下降。但我们相信，这是暂时现象，与个别商品当前的行情和汇率差异有关。与此同时，我们得以着手解决主要问题。在改善双边贸易结构方面，我们采取了实质性的举措。
The difficulties that the global economy is going through are widely known. They are also reflected in the coordination between the two countries. For instance, the trade volume between Russia and China has declined a bit. But we believe it is merely a temporary downtick resulting from the current market prices of certain commodities and differences in exchange rates. Meanwhile, actions have been taken to solve the major problems. To optimize the bilateral trade structure, we have taken some substantial actions.
我此刻可能会记错，需要查阅相关统计资料，近1年来，我国对中国出口的机械技术产品总量出现了显著增长，我记得增幅达到了44%。对我们而言，这至为重要。我们曾就此问题与中方伙伴讨论过多年。我想感谢我们的朋友，让我们在这一最重要的方向上经营出如此的局面，逐步实现既定目标。这是我们共同的目标。我们就此已达成共识，并朝着所需方向共同前行。
I may not remember correctly and may need to check up, over the past year, Russian export of mechanical and technical products to China has grown significantly, by 44 percent. This means a lot to us. We have been negotiating this with the Chinese partners for years. I want to thank our friends for making this a reality, which makes it possible for us to gradually realize our goals in the most important direction. This is our common goal, which we have consensus with. We are going forward together in the direction that we need to go.
因此，最重要的方向当然是实现双边贸易往来多元化，赋予其更优秀的特质，我指的是提升对双边合作中高技术领域的关注。
Therefore, the most important task in bilateral relations is bringing diversities and higher quality to trade relations, particularly boosting cooperation in high-tech areas.
在航天计划和航空领域，我们同样携手工作，联合研发宽体飞机和重型直升机。我们共同解决生态问题，继续在能源领域实施规模非常庞大的项目，其中便包括核能。
We are also working together in the fields of space projects and aviation, notably with a joint research on wide-body airplanes and heavy-weight helicopters. We are jointly seeking solutions to ecological problems and continue to launch giant programs in the field of energy, including nuclear energy.
蔡名照：俄罗斯在这些方面有很多优势。
Cai: Russia has a lot of strength in these sectors.
普京：的确如此。俄罗斯国家原子能公司的订单数量相当可观。田湾核电站的两个机组已运营了8年，拥有非常好的口碑。我们还在兴建两个机组，我认为这并非终点。我们应当扩大彼此合作，不只是增加中国核电站的数量，还要拓宽在该领域的科技协作。
Putin: Indeed, yes. Rosatom (Russian state-owned nuclear corporation) has a remarkable orderbook. The two reactor units at Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant have been operating for eight years and have been recognized for their performance. We are building two more reactor units and I don’t think we will stop there. We should expand our cooperation, not just building more nuclear power plants in China but also broaden our technological collaboration in this respect.
中国正逐步强化在我国能源市场上的存在。中国是我国“亚马尔液化气”这一重大项目的大股东之一，并购买了我国最顶尖的化学控股公司之一——西伯利亚—乌拉尔石油化学和天然气公司10%的股份。我们对上述中国投资表示欢迎，不单是因为有资金注入，同时也是出于深化我们之间伙伴关系的考量。
China is now gradually strengthening its presence in our energy market. Not only it’s one of the main shareholders of the Yamal LNG plant, an important liquefied natural gas mega-project, but also China bought 10 percent of the shares of the Siberian-Ural Petrochemical and Gas Company, one of the top chemical shareholding companies in Russia. We welcome such investment by China, not only because of capital inflows but also because it helps deepen our partnership.
在著名的“莫斯科—喀山”高铁项目上，工作进展非常顺利，部分路段时速可望达到400公里。我们密切关注这一项目的进展，这可能仅仅是两国基础设施大规模合作的开始。
On the famous Moscow-Kazan high-speed railway line, we are seeing very good progress, and we are expecting a speed of up to 400 km per hour at some segments. We are closely following the work on the projects, and it may very well be only the beginning of our broad cooperation in infrastructure.
我们在人文领域的合作同样十分重要，这包括在我们两国轮流举办的中国年、俄罗斯年、青年友好交流年、俄语年、汉语年、旅游年等。其中一部分活动是俄方提议举行的，另一部分活动由中方首先提出倡议。所有活动都非常成功，它们无疑将有助于营造两国人民之间的互信氛围。这些活动的重要性不亚于“西伯利亚力量”这样的重大能源项目，这里指的是俄罗斯向中国每年输送380亿立方米天然气的俄中东线天然气管道项目。此外，俄中两国在外交、军事和军事技术领域的合作也稳步推进。
Our cooperation in culture is also of great value, including the Chinese Year and Russia Year, held alternately in our two countries, the Sino-Russian Youth Friendship Exchange Year, the Russian and Chinese Language Year, the Tourism Year, etc. Some of these were proposed by Russia while others were initiated by China. All of them have been very successful and will undoubtedly promote the mutual trust between our two peoples. The importance of these activities is no less than that of mega energy projects like the “Power of Siberia,” by which I am referring to the eastern gas pipe project between Russia and China that supplies China with 38 billion cubic meters of gas annually. Apart from this, we have also had steady progress in cooperation on international and military affairs and on military technologies.
我们通常都在会晤时讨论所有这些问题。您知道，访问日程排得很满，甚至可以说非常满。因此我期待像往常那样与习近平主席在友好互信的气氛中举行内容丰富的会谈。
We usually discuss all these cooperation when President Xi and I meet. You know, my upcoming visit had packed schedules, very packed actually. So I expect to have friendly meetings with President Xi on a broad range of topics, with mutual trust, as we have always had.蔡名照：谢谢。刚才您提到了中俄两国的经贸发展，很多大型项目非常令人鼓舞。您多次
调，要推动欧亚经济联盟与中国“一带一路”倡议进行对接，中国经济界非常关心这件事。具体将采取哪些措施？又如何借助“一带一路”建设与欧亚经济联盟对接来提升中俄经贸水平？
Cai: Thank you. You mentioned the growth of economic and trade cooperation, and a lot of the mega cooperation projects, which are very encouraging. You have said many times that we should align the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) with the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. China’s economic sector is following this closely. So specifically what do you suggest the two countries do in this respect? How can we leverage on the alignment of these development plans to promote the economic and trade cooperation between China and Russia?
普京：您提到了一个很有意思的重大话题。我们知道，习近平主席提出了“丝绸之路经济带”的倡议。我们认为，他的倡议非常及时，令人感兴趣，并拥有广阔前景，其目的是扩大同世界各国的合作。当然，首先是同邻国的合作，因为无论这条路通向何处，首先都要途经邻国。
Putin: What you’ve raised is an interesting topic. We know that President Xi Jinping put forward the Silk Road Economic Belt. We think that Xi’s proposal is very well-timed and appealing, and the Initiative holds great potential as it aims to expand China’s cooperation with the world. China’s neighbors naturally come first in such cooperation, as the road, wherever it leads to eventually, first goes through the neighboring countries.
我们正在进行两方面的谈判：一方面是俄中双边谈判，另一方面是涉及中国和欧亚经济联盟的谈判。就在不久前，我们欧亚经济联盟五国在阿斯塔纳讨论过相关内容。大家都赞成在习近平主席提出的“丝绸之路经济带”框架内发展我们同中国的合作。
We are undertaking two negotiations: one is bilateral between Russia and China, and the other is between China and the EEU. Just recently, the five member countries of the EEU discussed relevant issues in Astana (the capital of Kazakhstan). We all agreed to develop our cooperation with China within the framework of the Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative.
我对您绝对坦诚：我们当然要考虑本国商品生产者的利益。但一致的看法是，世界经济发展和我们与中国合作的根本道路应该是为开放的共同事业逐步消除各种障碍。这样，可以在第一阶段建立自贸区。
I have to be absolutely frank with you. Of course, we do have to take care of the interests of our producers. But we share the consensus that our fundamental approach to world economic development and our cooperation with China is to gradually eliminate the various barriers to our common cause of opening up. So I think what we can do at the first stage is to establish a free trade area.
我们是现实主义者。我们明白，第一阶段不可能没有任何例外和特殊情况，但是我们应该指明前进方向。为了达到这个目的，考虑到本地区越来越多的国家对我们的合作感兴趣，我们会为今天我称之为欧亚合作的概念创造先决条件。为此，我们会努力避免建立封闭的经贸集团。
We are realists. We are aware that it is impossible at the first stage to rule out exceptions and special cases, but we should be clear about where we want to go. Given that more and more countries in our region are enthusiastic about our cooperation, in order to achieve our aim, we shall try to create favorable conditions for what we call Eurasian cooperation, and we shall try to avoid establishing a closed economic and trade bloc.
蔡名照：谢谢。我们知道上海合作组织峰会很快将在塔什干举行。上合组织已经成立15年了，中俄两国都是上合组织的创始国，这个组织在保障地区安全、促进地区发展方面发挥着重要作用。您对本次上合组织峰会有何期待，对上合机制有何评价？
Cai: Thank you. The 16th summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is to be held in the Uzbek capital of Tashkent. Established 15 years ago, the SCO, with both China and Russia as founding member states, has played an important role in boosting regional security and development. What’s your anticipation for the upcoming summit? And what do you think of the SCO mechanism?
普京：上海合作组织在成立之初，为自己提出了相当低调的目标。我想说，这些目标很重要，却也注重实利，那就是要解决种种或难或易的边境合作问题，但毕竟只是边境合作问题。不过我们也知道，如果缺乏诚意，这些边境问题可能数十年都悬而不决；而如果有诚意，这些问题便迎刃而解。这在很大程度上取决于一个国家的内部情势以及它在国际舞台上的处世哲学。
Putin: The SCO, at its early days, set itself pretty low-profile goals. I want to say those goals were both important and pragmatic, which were aimed at addressing various kinds of problems in cooperation along the borders. However, whether they are easy or not, those issues were still no more than cooperation along the borders. But we are aware that those issues would have stayed unsolved for decades without sincerity and could be easily solved with enough sincerity. Whether those issues could be solved or not depends on a country’s internal situation and how it conducts itself on the world stage, to a great extent.
俄罗斯、中国以及上海合作组织的其他成员正是基于这种最大的诚意，实现了我们在这一领域为自己设立的所有目标。显然，我们不能放弃这一机制，要珍惜所取得的成果，珍惜我们各成员国之间相互关系的发展水平。事实上，我们已经开始利用现有机制来解决其他问题，首先是开展多领域合作。这里既包括政治上的合作，也包括基础设施建设方面的合作。我们已经开始讨论安全问题、应对毒品威胁等等。
It was based on their utmost sincerity that Russia, China and other SCO member states achieved all of the pre-set goals in this area. Obviously, it is advisable for us not to abandon this mechanism and to cherish our achievements as well as the current development level of the inter-relations among all the SCO member states. As a matter of fact, we have begun to solve other problems through the SCO mechanism, starting with cooperation in a number of fields. Such cooperation is not only political but also involves infrastructure construction. We have also begun to discuss issues concerning security and drug trafficking, among others.
我不会说，我们已经取得了很多神奇的成果，实施了一系列模范行动。但我要说，这一组织已成为本地区受欢迎的、富有吸引力的组织。世界上很多国家已表示期望加入上海合作组织。
I will not say that we have achieved many magical results or that we have carried out a series of exemplary operations. But I will say the SCO has become a popular and attractive organization in the region. Many countries around the world have expressed willingness to join it.
在去年举行的上海合作组织乌法峰会上，我们决定启动接收印度和巴基斯坦加入上合组织的程序。在塔什干峰会上，我们将落实这一决定。我们还将讨论其他国家希望参与上合组织工作的问题。
At the SCO Ufa Summit last year, we decided to initiate the procedure of admitting India and Pakistan into the bloc. At the Tashkent summit, we will implement the decision and hold discussions on other countries’ willingness to participate in the work of the organization.
上海合作组织职能范围的扩大、成员数量的增加，特别是上述重要国家的加入，使得这一组织成为一个不仅在本地区、而且在世界范围内都具有权威性的、受欢迎的国际组织。
The expansion of the SCO’s functions and the increase in its member numbers, particularly the inclusion of those important countries mentioned above, have made it an authoritative and popular international organization in the region and the world at large.
国际形势复杂多样。一些国家在这样或那样的国际问题上立场和观点不尽相同。他们加入我们的组织虽然无法解决问题本身，但是会为问题的解决创造条件。我们对此充满期待。
As the international situation is complex and diverse, some countries might differ from others in terms of stance and opinion over certain international issues. Although their inclusion into the SCO might not offer solution to their disagreements, we will make efforts in paving the way for the settlement of those issues. We are full of expectations for that.
蔡名照：谢谢。当今世界面临着许多重大挑战，全球经济复苏乏力，一些地区局势动荡，恐怖活动加剧，气候变化等环境问题也很突出。在这种艰难的国际环境下，中俄两国作为有影响力、负责任的大国，是维护世界和平与稳定的重要力量。您认为中俄两国在维护世界和平、完善全球治理方面还应该做出哪些努力？
Cai: Thank you. Today, the world faces many grave challenges, including a sluggish global economic recovery, instability and volatility in some regions, rampant terrorist activities, and environmental problems such as climate change. As two influential and responsible major countries, China and Russia are important forces in maintaining world peace and stability, especially under such challenging international situations. So, what additional efforts do you think China and Russia should make to maintain world peace and improve global governance?
普京：如您所知，俄罗斯和中国目前在国际舞台上进行协作这件事本身就是国际事务中的稳定因素。
Putin: As you know, coordination between Russia and China on the global stage is itself a stabilizing factor in international affairs.
让我们来回顾一下习近平主席在出席联合国成立70周年纪念活动时的讲话吧。请再次重温。这一讲话旨在以国际法为准绳、通过和平手段解决所有争议问题。与此同时，习近平主席还表示愿意帮助贫穷国家，甚至还针对这些建议提出具体措施。他是为数不多的致力于国际减贫的国家领导人之一。在国际事务中把我们团结在一起的正是这些立场，而不仅仅是我们两国地理位置上相近。
Let’s recall Chinese President Xi Jinping’s address at the ceremony marking the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the United Nations. Please recall his words. He advocated for all controversial issues to be resolved in accordance with international law and through peaceful means only. President Xi also said China stands ready to aid poor countries, and even put forward specific measures accordingly. He is one of the few national leaders who are dedicated to international poverty reduction. It is these positions, instead of just geographic proximity, that unite us in international affairs.
除了在上海合作组织内进行合作，我们也在金砖国家框架内开展合作，金砖国家机制实际上也是我们共同创立的。我们还在联合国这个平台上积极合作。
Apart from our cooperation within the framework of the SCO, we have been cooperating with each other within the BRICS framework as well. Actually, we jointly created the BRICS mechanism. We also have active cooperation with each other at the United Nations.
我想回顾一下，正是我国，当时的苏联，竭尽全力使中华人民共和国在联合国安理会常任理事国中取得了值得尊敬的位置。我们一直认为，这就是中华人民共和国的位置。直到今天，我们一直很高兴发生这件事，因为我们对国际事务所持的观点，用外交语言来说，非常相似或完全一致。这种观点的吻合在技术层面上得以充实。我们保持经常性接触，并就全球和地区问题进行磋商。我们彼此视对方为亲密盟友，因此理所当然始终倾听伙伴的声音，我指的是照顾彼此利益。
In retrospect, it was my country, the then Soviet Union, that tried its best to help the People’s Republic of China secure its permanent seat at the UN Security Council, a respectable place where we always think China should be. Until today, we have always been very happy that this happened, as our two countries, in the language of diplomacy, have the same or very similar viewpoints in international affairs. Such alignment of our stances is also substantiated at the technical level. We have maintained contact regularly, and carried out consultations on global and regional affairs. We see each other as close allies, so of course we always listen to each other, by this I mean we keep in mind each other’s interests.
我相信，在我访问中华人民共和国期间，我们的合作也将遵循这一精神。
I believe that during my visit to the People’s Republic of China, our cooperation will continue to follow this spirit.
蔡名照：谢谢总统阁下，我们衷心期待您对中国的访问。祝您这次访华取得圆满成功。我还想告诉您，在您此次访问期间，新华社和塔斯社也将签署一份新的合作协定。
Cai: Thank you, Mr. President. We sincerely look forward to your visit to China and wish you enormous success. I would also like to tell you that during your visit, Xinhua News Agency and Tass News Agency will sign a new cooperative agreement.
普京：您在这件事上帮助了我们。谢谢您，因为在当今世界，新闻报道的重要性不亚于外交官的实际工作。
Putin: You have been a great help on this front. Thank you. In today’s world, the work of news reporting is no less important than that of diplomats.
