托福写作主体段写法
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托福写作主体段常见写法
托福写作的主体段是作者表达观点、论述观点的段落。这部分一般来说是三个小的自然段，段落之间存在着逻辑关系。主体段作为托福写作的核心内容，需要考生学会搭建文章的结构，从而在论观点和论据的时候，能够更加富有逻辑性。接下来，啄木鸟教育小编和大家分享托福写作主体段常见的写作方法。
托福写作主体段常见写法
1、主体段内并列
段内并列的特点是主体段内的几个分论点属于同级并列关系。这种逻辑写起来比较“方便”，所以也被考生们用得最多。它的标志词就是大家耳熟能详的First,(注意在美国用Firstly比较少)/First of all,/In the first place,/To start with,/To begin with,/Second,/Also,…/…as well./.…too/Another reason is.../“one thing,…For another,.…/Third,/Lastly, / Finally以及朋友们很偏爱的Last but not least这些连词连接段落之间的关系。
段内并列的标志词最大的特色其实就是让读者一眼看出文章的架构，了解主体段三个自然段落之间的关系。不过段内并列本来就是比较直白的一种逻辑，在考生中使用的频率相对来说较高，而且深入论证时适当加些好句型和好词汇调节一下就可以了。
段内并列的优点是在实战中操作方便，不容易出现失误。但缺陷是使用的考生较多，特色不够明显。而且比较适合用来写“折中式”作文的主体段。而不太适合写“一边倒“作文的主体段。如果打算使用这种段内结构，那么分论点后面的支持句应该尽量多用些连接词或者好句型。
2、主体段内递进
这种写法和段内并列并没有本质区别，只是分论点间的层次感更加清晰。段内递进的标志词有The primary(首要的)reason is...(请注意primarily这个词一般是用在句中，极少用在句首)/ The principal(最主要的)factor is... / The main concern is... /The chief consideration is.../Moreover .../ Furthermore, .._/ Further, ...(用Further的考生明显要比用Furthermore的少，其实这个词在美国大学写作中也相当常见)/ Apart from...,…/Aside from...,Additionally，/Besides,…/What's more,…/Plus,…/In addition,…/段内递进一般也多用于折中式作文，但较少用于“一边倒”文章的主体段。折中式的文章主要是能够照顾正反观点，这样的话，递进比较会更好。
3、主体段内因果
因果关系是人类逻辑中基础的关系之一。所以，在新托福作文主体段中也一再高调亮相，即“辩证”的手法。因果关系主要是指在段落内部进行原因和结果的论述。我们在每一个段落开头给出分论点的同时，后面紧接着的一定是针对这个分论点的论据内容。这种结构是最基本的，也是考生最常用的论述方式。最大的特点就是简单，比较好表述。
4、主体段内让步
让步的标志词：Granted,…(诚然……);Admittedly,…(我承认……);I tend to agree that...;It's true that...;To be sure,…;Surely，…;Few can deny that...需要提醒各位的是，托福作文中主体段内一般都是通过这些词制造出虚假妥协气氛，之后通常都还要用下列词汇转折:However,…Yet...(注意Yet后面不要加逗号)Nevertheless,…Nonetheless,…Even so,. Still,…(这里不是“仍然”“而是”“尽管如此”的意思)Despite that,…等。
以上四种托福写作主体段的论述方式是考生比较常用，也是能够帮助考生更好地论述文章内容的方式。主体段之间的逻辑关系，无非是并列、递进、因果和让步。考生在使用这些论述方式的时候，一定要针对每一种论述方式的特点，避免出现错误。
托福写作范文:学校社团组织活动建议
2016年托福写作真题题目：2016年3月19日托福真题回忆及答案解析(汇总)
3月19日托福独立写作题目：
The club of your school plan to help one of the following group of people, h pupils reading and math
2. build houses for those who cannot afford the house
care of the old
题目大意：学校社团想要组织一下三个活动，教小学生阅读数学，为无家可归者建房子，照顾老人。建议选择照顾老人，因为可以培养孩子社会责任感和耐心，还可以帮助老人排遣孤独。
Agree or disagree: the university club wants to help others, if you are a member of them, which following would you prefer to choose? help young students in nearby primary school, help people to find new houses for rent; help old people for caring them in daily life.
托福写作模板及参考答案：
托福写作范文参考一:
3月19日托福独立写作范文(新东方 周徐敏)
Life is loaded with various difficulties and hardship, especially for old people who are incapable of taking good care of themselves because of their poor physical quality. Therefore, among the three choices of helping young students in nearby primary school, helping people to find new houses for rent and assisting old people for caring them, I definitely choose the last one.
For one thing, because of being committed to their career, the middle-age can hardly take good care of their parents. To address a sequence of job assignments, city employees, the majority of whom have turned to the middle age, are required to be immersed in their career. Take ordinary citizens as examples. When it comes to businessmen, dealing with the complicated relationship with their counterparts or consumers will lead them to be shortage of time to accompany their families, given that all their time and energy are occupied. Speaking of policemen, to maintain stable social order and crack down on any happening or underlying crimes, they are supposed to be on duty at any time, making it impossible for them to care their families. And it is also an episode likely to be applied in the movie by the film maker that policemen are woking on the investigation and cannot keep promises they make for their families , impressing audiences again and again. As for the career of teachers, what they normally do is either to prepare for their presentations or remedy their students’ assignments. Apparently, the contemporary middle-age citizens cannot take good care of their parents and college students had better provide their help.
For another thing, the process of helping the old can cultivate college students’ sense of responsibility that matters in their future life and profession. Many more universities will, literally, decide whether to admit students by checking if there is any volunteering experience like taking care of the old in a nursing home in their application materials. In an era of both highly developed economy and technology, it tends to be easier for children to develop the unwanted behaviors and unhealthy values and world outlook. Nowadays, people can often hear the News about college students failing to graduate from schools because of their addiction to video games and many overseas students catching the affluenza which refers to wealthy people who like to show their richness by purchasing many unnecessary luxuries. Therefore, many young people’s ideology has been distorted seriously and it is urgent to call on their sense of responsibility. And taking good care of the old can teach them a lot. For instance, they will be conscious of the fact that there is still a vulnerable group that needs to be assisted and their contribution to the society can drive away the solitude of the old. Thus, they will increase their confidence in undertaking more social responsibilities.
Admittedly, some others may lay emphasis on the importance of helping the young since they are the future of a nation. From what I believe, it is hype since the education of young children does not count on the help from college students. As for the statement that college students should help others rent a house, that is ridiculous since there have been a wide range of choices for tenants among diverse Apps via the Internet. To conclude, helping the old can be of enormous benefits for both the old and the young.
(568 words)
托福写作写作参考二:
3月19日托福独立写作范文
With the improvement of educational system, various student associations and clubs, which are meant to equip their members with practical skills, have become a great part of the campus life. Therefore, when it comes to which kinds of activities these clubs should organize, teaching pupils maths, building houses for the homeless, or helping the old, people may tend to hold different notions. As for me, attending to the senior would be the best choice, for the following reasons.
First of all, looking after old people can help students to cultivate a sense of social responsibility and patience. As we know, one defining character of young adults is that they are generally too immature to understand what social responsibility is. It is not uncommon to observe that some teenagers are inclined to destroy the public properties on purpose, or even worse, they may tease or make jokes at the older people without any respect, all of which are irresponsible behaviours. Such conducts can be corrected once the sense of duty takes root in their mind by helping the old. Obviously, in the course of taking care of old people, students will be informed of the contribution made by the old generation to the development of the whole society, thus realizing their social obligation. Plus, the trivial things such as making meals, cleaning the room and so on are involved in the process of helping the old, which cannot be done without patience.
In the second place, accompanying the old can help them to kill the boring time and relieve their loneliness. With the aging of population becoming more serious, the number of old people has been increasing in an appalling rate. Meanwhile, the facilities and places serving as entertainment for the old is deficient now. As a result, the senior now are leading a quite lonely and monotonous life so that company from others are in desperate need for them. Recently, according to a report published by China Daily, some old people were found dying after they have passed away for a dozen of days, which can clearly reflect the acutal situation of the grey. Thus, company from students can make old people keep a good mood and live a more cheerful life.
Adimttedly, some opponents may argue that tutoring the primary students can improve the academic performance of pupils and building house for the homeless can provide them a shelter. However, this not the case in reality. As for tutoring, students are not professional enough to impart knowledge to little kids efficiently so that this practice may waste time of both sides. As for building house, there are some potential safety hazzards which may make students get hurt. Therefore, I am still convinced that helping the old is the most appropriate choice for students club.
托福写作范文:你的工作要比你的社交生活对幸福影响更大
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Your job has a greater effect on one’s overall happiness than your social life does.
2016年9月24日托福独立写作真题
Your job has more effects on happiness than your social life does.
题目大意： 你的工作要比你的社交生活对幸福影响更大。此题目涉及到抽象词“幸福”，可能小伙伴们会觉得有些难度，如果大家了解马斯洛的需求层次理论的话，本题目并不难，波波建议大家选择，两者对于幸福有同样的作用，因为工作满足了我们的物质需求，而社交生活满足了我们的社交需求。
托福写作模板及参考答案：
托福写作范文参考一:
2016年9月24日托福写作 范文
There is no denying that happiness originates in the acts of meeting people's various needs. Nowadays some people claim that happiness is more affected by the job they owned than their social life. This is a popular misunderstanding. As far as I am concerned, social life and jobs have the equal role in making people feel happy, because they can respectively satisfy people's different needs.
On the one hand, a decent and well-paid job can provide us with a large amount of money, which could fulfill our material needs and improve our living standards. For example, with adequate financial resources we can live in a spacious and well-decorated house with six bedrooms and eight restrooms. We can travel around the world and visit the Forbidden City inChina, the Liberty Statue inAmericaand the Big Ben inBritain. In addition, such a good deal of money enables us to keep fit by having nutritious diet and mineral water transferred from the water source. Meanwhile, we can hire a personal doctor around the clock in case of any emergence of disease. We do not have to wait for a long time by standing in the long and crowed lines of patients in hospitals. All these things will definitely make us feel happy.
On the other hand, the important role of social life in helping us attain happiness can not be ignored. Confucius, one of the greatest philosophers and educators inChina, once remarked that it is a pleasant thing to meet with a friend from afar, which indicates that friendship is another source of happiness. Participation in social activities will enlarge our social circle and make us make acquaintance with more people. For example, if you are a bookworm, you can take part in readers' association where you will encounter a lot people who share a common interest. Chatting and talking with them will help form a deep friendship and make you have a better mood. The reason underlying the above example is that your need of communicating with others is met by participating in social life.
In conclusion, since happiness depends on the fulfillment of one's need, social life and jobs combines together to make us happy. It is an exaggeration to say that your job has more effects on happiness than your social life
托福写作主体段常见写法
