艾滋病和结核病协同治疗更有效

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that patients who receive integrated treatment for tuberculosis and HIV-AIDS have a far greater chance of surviving these diseases. A six-year study finds more than 900,000 lives were saved globally by following TB/HIV integrated treatment programs.

世界卫生组织报告指出，接受结核病和艾滋病协同治疗的患者存活机率比较高。一个长达6年的研究发现，这种协同治疗项目拯救了全球超过90万人。

The six-year study has proven to be so successful that WHO is urging governments and health facilities to follow joint prevention, diagnosis and treatment programs for TB and HIV.

这份为期6年的研究证明了协同治疗的成功，使得世卫组织敦促各国政府和医疗机构进行结核病和艾滋病的联合预防、诊断和治疗项目。

The WHO's director of the Stop TB Department, Dr. Mario Raviglione, explains HIV and tuberculosis are refereed to as dual epidemics because they are so closely linked.

世卫组织“终止结核病”部门主任拉维吉利奥解释，艾滋病和结核病因为密切相关所以被称为双流行病。

“HIV affects the immune system and increases, therefore, the likelihood of people acquiring TB infection and then developing TB disease.… TB is one of the leading causes of death in HIV-infected people. We estimate around 350,000 people dying of HIV-related TB per year… and TB, therefore, is considered responsible for one out of four AIDS-related deaths," Raviglione said.

拉维吉利奥说：“艾滋病毒影响免疫系统，所以增加了人们被结核病毒感染，然后进一步衍生为结核病的可能。结核病是艾滋病患者的头号死因之一。我们估计每年大约35万人死于和艾滋病有关的结核病，所以四分之一的艾滋病死亡案例被认定是结核病造成的。”

Raviglione says it makes sense to coordinate the treatment and prevention programs for HIV and TB. And, that is what happened between 2004 and 2010.

拉维吉利奥说，协同进行艾滋病和结核病的治疗和预防项目是有道理的，而这就是2004年到2010年间他们在做的。

In 2004, WHO published a new guide urging closer collaboration between TB and HIV-treatment activities. Many governments began implementing this policy in 2005 with astonishing results.

在2004年，世卫组织公布了一份新指导方针，敦促将结核病和艾滋病的医疗活动作更紧密的合作。许多政府在2005年开始执行这项政策，结果有了惊人的效果。

WHO says the number of people living with HIV who were screened for TB increased almost 12-fold, from nearly 200,000 in 2005 to over 2.3 million people in 2010. Testing for HIV among TB patients surged from 470,000 to over 2.2 million, a five-fold increase during that same period.

世卫组织表示，筛检结核病的艾滋病患者增加了将近12倍，从2005年将近20万人到2010年230多万人。去筛检艾滋病毒的结核病患者则从47万人增加到220多万人，大约是5倍。

Dr. Raviglione says the most striking progress has been made in Africa.

拉维吉利奥博士说，最惊人的结果发生在非洲。“The number of countries…testing for HIV rose from five countries only in 2005 to 31 in 2010, including all of the highest burden countries when it comes to the TB-HIV co-epidemic. Also…more than 60 percent of the estimated people living with HIV who developed active tuberculosis were identified and treated for tuberculosis in 2010. So, these are quite remarkable public health and clinical results,” Raviglione said.

他说：“检查艾滋病毒的国家从2005年5国增加到2010年31国，包括了结核病和艾滋病共同流行的所有高流行率国家。同时在2010年，在原来患有艾滋病毒、之后感染上结核病的人当中，有超过60%被确诊和获得治疗。所以，这些都是非凡的公共卫生和临床结果。”

As a consequence, Dr. Raviglione says nearly one million lives were saved. He says these people would have died without the application and implementation of these interventions.

拉维吉利奥博士说，有将近1百万人因此活了下来。他说，如果没有执行这些医疗介入措施，这些人会丧命。

There are three main elements in WHO’s updated guidance policy. The U.N. health agency says TB patients, their partners or family members should be routinely tested for HIV.

世卫组织最新的指导政策有3个重点。这个联合国卫生机构说，结核病患者、他们的伴侣或者家人都应该定期接受艾滋病毒检测。

It says all TB patients who are infected with HIV should be given cost-effective medicine to prevent against lung or other infections. And it recommends all TB patients with HIV start on anti-retroviral therapy within the first two weeks in which they start anti-TB treatment.

世卫组织说，应该向所有感染艾滋病毒的结核病患者提供便宜的药物以预防肺部或其他部位的感染。世卫组织同时建议所有感染艾滋病毒的结核病患者，在开始治疗结核病的头两周之内要接受抗逆转录病毒治疗。

WHO stresses these services should be provided in an integrated manner at the same time and place.

世卫组织强调，这些医疗服务应该在同一个地点同一个时间协调运作。