美国马来西亚互不信任掣肘失联客机调查

Mistrust between U.S. and Malaysian air-accident investigators has hampered a multinational probe into the jetliner that went missing three weeks ago, people familiar with the investigation said, with no clear leads emerging about who or what was responsible for its disappearance.

熟悉调查情况的人士称，美国和马来西亚空中事故调查人员之间的互不信任妨碍了一项针对三周前失踪客机的跨国调查，目前还没有发现清晰的线索证明谁或者什么因素应当为客机的失踪负责。

As search ships raced to try to confirm airborne sightings of potential wreckage in the newest search area, officially both sides said cooperation between the two countries is good. But people familiar with both countries' efforts say that isn't always the case.

搜寻船只争先恐后地试图证实在最新划定的搜寻区域目击到的物体就是失踪飞机的残骸，美国和马来西亚均表示两国之间的合作顺利。但熟悉两国行动的人士称，两国之间的合作并非一直顺利。

U.S. investigators say they aren't getting a full flow of information from the Malaysians - - prompting some to complain to headquarters in Washington that they feel relegated to the margins, according to several people familiar with the matter. Malaysian investigators, meanwhile, are wary of information leaks they believe are occurring more regularly among their counterparts from Washington.

据几位知情人士透露，美方调查人员称，马来西亚方面没有向他们提供完整的信息，美方一些调查人员因此向华盛顿总部抱怨他们感觉自己被排挤了。与此同时，马方调查人员对于信息泄露问题非常警觉，他们认为美国方面泄露信息的情况越来越多。

With a little more than a week left on the battery life of Malaysia Airlines -2.38% Flight 370's data recorders, known as black boxes, search crews were on their way to the new search zone where five planes had spotted debris potentially related to the plane. Though investigators have determined the Boeing BA +1.01% 777 went down somewhere in the Indian Ocean, based on satellite data, a criminal probe into the flight's disappearance has yielded few clues in the two weeks since the Malaysian government announced its suspicion that a deliberate act brought down the Boeing 777.

现在马航370航班的黑匣子电池寿命只剩下一周多一点的时间。搜救人员已前往新的搜寻区域进行搜索，此前有五架飞机在那里发现了疑似失联客机的残骸。虽然调查人员根据卫星数据确信失联的波音777坠入了印度洋，但一桩针对该航班失踪的刑事调查却线索寥寥。两周前马来西亚政府宣布他们怀疑马航370航班因蓄意行为失联。

Twin probes into how and why the plane went down rest largely in the hands of Malaysian police and air-safety officials, and Americans working in Kuala Lumpur are convinced their side is 'mainly getting bits and pieces, rather than a full download from the Malaysians,' said one U.S. official briefed on the investigation. Members of the on-site U.S. contingent are 'vetting all the information they do get, to ensure accuracy,' the official added.

一位获悉调查情况的美国官员称，针对飞机如何以及为何失联展开的两项调查主要由马来西亚警方和航空安全部门的官员负责，目前在吉隆坡的美方调查人员确信美方只从马来西亚方面获得了一些零散的信息，而不是全面信息。这位官员还说，在现场的美国调查人员正在审核所有已获得的信息，以确保信息的准确性。

In Malaysia, the government has tight control over the media and leaks of information aren't common. By contrast, some people on the Malaysian side perceive Washington to be full of leaks, particularly in the first few days after the plane vanished March 8.

在马来西亚，政府对媒体管制严格，所以信息泄露的情况并不常见。相比之下，马来西亚的一些调查人员认为，美国方面屡屡发生信息泄露，特别是在失联客机于3月8日失踪后的头几天里。

Last week, Malaysia handed over its most important physical evidence to the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation - -pilot Zaharie Ahmad Shah's home flight simulator and computer- -for analysis. But before the FBI analysis was complete or the Malaysian government had a chance to make an announcement, a flurry of media reports from Washington revealed that the bureau hadn't found anything to explain Flight 370's disappearance.

上周，马来西亚将最重要的物证――马航370航班的机长扎哈里(Zaharie Ahmad Shah)在家中的飞行模拟器和电脑，交给了美国联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation, 简称FBI)进行分析。但还没等FBI分析完成、马来西亚政府宣布相关分析结果，就有一连串的美国媒体报道披露FBI没有发现能够解释飞机失踪原因的任何线索。

'Washington seems to be a leaky boat,' said one person familiar with the Malaysian investigation. 'It erodes trust.' Nevertheless, this person said concern about the Americans' role isn't seriously impeding the investigation. 'We have been surprised at how many people we have been able to rope into this,' this person said.

一位熟悉马来西亚调查情况的人士称，华盛顿似乎是信息泄露的源头，这破坏了两国间的信任。不过该知情人士称，美国调查人员所充当的角色带来的担忧并没有严重妨碍调查。我们能说服那么多人来参与调查，这已经出乎我们的意料了。

Still, according to people familiar with the matter, U.S. aviation officials are operating largely out of the U.S. Embassy in Kuala Lumpur and shuttling to meetings with Malaysian officials- -instead of being based full-time in Malaysian offices alongside local investigators, as would often be the case. The U.S. team includes a handful of investigators from the FAA and National Transportation Safety Board.

不过，据知情人士透露，这一次美国航空部门官员基本上绕开了美国驻吉隆坡使馆，在使馆外与马来西亚官员进行了会面，而不是采用以往常见的做法，派调查人员驻马来西亚办公室，与当地调查人员一起工作。美国调查团队包括了一批来自美国联邦航空局(Federal Aviation Administration, 简称FAA)和美国全国运输安全委员会(National Transportation Safety Board, 简称NTSB)的调查人员。

The embassy declined to comment on the level of cooperation between the two countries.

对于两国之间的合作程度，美国驻马来西亚使馆不予置评。

Malaysian authorities take pride in having assembled a broad multinational coalition to search the Indian Ocean for the wreckage of the Boeing 777, and in the process ceded some of their authority to direct the hunt. The government has repeatedly sought outside help to locate and eventually try to retrieve remnants of the plane carrying 239 people, asking for everything from satellite imagery to search planes to specialized underwater recovery equipment.

马来西亚召集了一支广泛的跨国搜救力量，在印度洋搜寻失联波音777飞机的残骸，在此过程中马来西亚移交了一部分指导搜寻工作的权力，马来西亚当局对此引以为傲。该国政府已多次向外界寻求帮助，希望国际力量协助其确定飞机位置并最终试图找到失踪飞机残骸。从卫星图像、搜救飞机到专用水下搜救设备，马方向外界寻求了一切搜救力量。失踪的马航客机上载有239名乘客和机组人员。

'On the criminal aspect of the investigation, Malaysian police are working very closely with the international agencies,' Defense Minister Hishammuddin Hussein told reporters Friday.

马来西亚国防部长希沙慕丁•侯赛因(Hishammuddin Hussein)周五对记者表示，在刑事调查方面，马拉西亚警方正在与国际机构进行密切合作。

But investigators from the Federal Aviation Administration and Boeing Co. focusing on aircraft performance and systems have expressed concern about poor coordination and information flow, according to people familiar with the matter.

然而据知情人士透露，关注飞机性能和系统的FAA的调查人员和波音公司(Boeing Co.)表达了对协调不力和信息流不畅通问题的担忧。

Boeing, without the full involvement of Malaysian investigators, has run some computer models of the last phase of the flight, highlighting another point of tension in the probe, two people familiar with the matter said. These so-called engineering simulations seek to lay out the most likely movements of the plane before and after it is presumed to have run out of fuel. Such work typically would be more closely coordinated with leaders of the overall investigations, according to these people.

两位知情人士称，波音在没有马方调查人员全面参与的情况下用计算机模拟了失联客机飞行的最后阶段，这也凸显出了两国在调查中的紧张关系。这些所谓的“工程模拟”(engineering simulations)试图展示假定飞机燃料耗尽之前和之后的移动情况。这两位知情人表示，这种工作通常需要整个调查工作的领导者在场，这样才可以更紧密地协调进行。

Boeing on Friday re-emphasized that it continues to serve as a technical adviser to the NTSB.

波音周五再次强调，该公司将继续担当NTSB的技术顾问。

An FAA spokeswoman said the agency's 'working relationship with the Malaysian Directorate General of Civil Aviation has been strong for many years and has continued to be strong throughout the investigation.'

FAA发言人表示，多年来，FAA和马来西亚民航总局(Malaysian Directorate General of Civil Aviation)一直保持着密切的合作关系，在此次调查中也继续保持着这种关系。

The current tensions between U.S. and Malaysian investigators have roots in issues that appeared three weeks ago, people familiar the matter said, soon after the flight dropped off civilian radar March 8 en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur.

知情人士称，当前美国和马来西亚调查人员之间的紧张气氛在三周前就已经初见端倪了。3月8日从吉隆坡飞往北京的370航班从民用雷达上消失后不久，双方的合作就开始出现问题。

From the beginning, according to a U.S. government official and others, Boeing was upset that it took about three hours- -much longer than would be typical- -for Malaysian authorities to inform company representatives the jet hadn't been heard from.

美国政府官员和其他人士透露，波音从一开始就对马来西亚当局在大约三小时后（比一般情况下晚了许多）才通知公司代表客机失联消息的做法感到不悦。

Boeing's team remains 'quite frustrated and doesn't trust the process,' according to one person familiar with the company's views.

一位了解波音看法的知情人士称，波音的团队仍相当沮丧，他们并不信任调查过程。

FAA and NTSB officials didn't play a prominent role in briefing Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak just before his somber announcement Monday that Flight 370 'ended in the southern Indian Ocean.' The analysis was based primarily on work done by satellite-operator Inmarsat +0.07% PLC and the U.K.'s Air Accidents Investigation Branch, the NTSB's British counterpart. Officials in Kuala Lumpur and the AAIB have a long-standing relationship on safety matters.

马来西亚总理纳吉布(Najib Razak)周一黯然宣布，370航班“坠入了南印度洋”。在马方宣布这一消息之前，FAA和NTSB的官员在向纳吉布通报情况方面并没有扮演一个重要角色。飞机坠海结论的主要依据是卫星公司Inmarsat PLC和英国空难事故调查署(UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch, 简称AAIB)的分析结果。马来西亚官员和AAIB官员在安全事务上有长期合作关系。

'The Malaysians have a much closer association with the AAIB' than with the NTSB, according to one person familiar with Malaysia Airlines' operations. 'There is simply a greater comfort level there.'

一位熟悉马来西亚航空营运情况的知情人士表示，马来西亚与AAIB的联系比它与NTSB的联系要密切得多，马来西亚觉得与AAIB合作更安心一些。

NTSB spokeswoman Kelly Nantel said 'there is no friction between the U.S. and Malaysian investigators,' adding 'they are all working together, with one common goal.'

NTSB发言人南特尔(Kelly Nantel)称，美方和马方调查人员之间不存在摩擦，所有人都在为一个共同的目标而努力。

Malaysian authorities say that background checks have been completed on all passengers by their countries of origin and that no one stands out as a suspect. At the same time, Malaysian and U.S. officials also say they haven't ruled out any potential cause for the plane's disappearance, including the possibility that a passenger was involved.

马来西亚当局称，失踪飞机上所有乘客的背景调查已经由他们的原籍国家完成，没有发现疑犯。与此同时，马来西亚和美国官员还表示，他们不排除造成飞机失踪的任何潜在原因，包括乘客人为造成的可能。

Most of the 14 countries with passengers on the plane haven't disclosed how they conducted the background checks or what guidelines they followed in clearing passengers. Chinese officials didn't respond to requests for comment how it conducted its background checks on the 153 Chinese citizens on board. Malaysia, too, hasn't provided details other than to say it focused on possible terrorism, sabotage and personal or psychological issues.

机上乘客来自14个国家，这些国家大多没有对外披露它们是如何进行背景调查的，也没有披露它们是遵循怎样的标准排除了乘客的嫌疑。记者要求中国政府官员就政府如何对机上153名中国公民进行背景调查置评，但没有得到回应。马来西亚政府也没有提供相关细节，只表示，他们的背景调查集中在可能的恐怖主义、破坏活动、个人或心理问题方面。

Indonesia said it relied on international guidelines in clearing all of its seven passengers, but didn't say who wrote the guidelines. 'We don't use our own standard,' said police spokesman Agus Rikwanto. 'We use the standard used internationally that is used in investigating any suspicious individual. The results are they are cleared.'

印尼称，他们按照国际标准排除了机上7名印尼乘客的嫌疑，但没有透露这些标准是谁写给他们的。印尼警方发言人Agus Rikwanto说，“我们没有采用我们自己的标准，而是采用了国际上用于排查疑犯的标准，调查结果排除了他们的嫌疑。”