法国总统的反恐时刻 Frances unlikely commander in chief
At 9.47pm on Friday November 13, French striker Olivier Giroud scored the first goal in a friendly football match against Germany. The supporters of Les Bleus in the Stade de France roared with delight — all except for Hollande.
11月13日周五晚上九点四十七分，法国中锋奥利维耶吉鲁(Olivier Giroud)在法德足球友谊赛中踢进了第一个球。法兰西体育场(Stade de France)内的“蓝衣军团”支持者们高兴地欢呼起来，除了法国总统弗朗索瓦攠朗德( Hollande)以外。
The French president, who had gone to the game with Frank-Walter Steinmeier, German foreign minister, had just been told two terrorists had detonated explosive belts outside the stadium — the first suicide bombers to hit France. Early reports of shootings in central Paris suggested co-ordinated attacks of a scale greater than those on satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and a Jewish supermarket in January.
与德国外长弗兰克-瓦尔特施泰因迈尔(Frank-Walter Steinmeier)一起前往法兰西体育场看球的奥朗德刚刚被告知，两名恐怖分子在球场外引爆炸弹——这是针对法国的首起自杀性炸弹袭击。早些时候巴黎中部枪击事件的报道表明，这是一起协同袭击事件，规模超过今年1月份针对讽刺漫画杂志《查理周刊》(Charlie Hebdo)和犹太人超市的袭击事件。
Mr Hollande decided to keep crowd and players unaware of the unfolding atrocities, according to a person who was with him. The gates would be discreetly locked and fans herded on to the pitch after the game. The decision prevented further carnage: a third terrorist was waiting outside to blow himself up. In the end he killed no one but himself.
据当时和奥朗德在一起的人士透露，奥朗德决定不要让观众和球员知道正在发生的恐怖袭击。大门将被小心翼翼地锁上，球迷们在比赛结束后被聚集到球场上。该决定阻止了进一步的杀戮：第三名恐怖分子正等在外面准备引爆自己身上的炸弹。最终他除了自己以外没有杀死任何人。
The president rushed back to the centre of Paris. By the time he entered the situation room in the basement of the interior ministry, he had decided to impose a state of emergency. “It’s an act of war perpetrated by a terrorist army,” he said in a televised address, using rhetoric reminiscent of US president George W Bush’s term, the “war on terror”, which he first used in the run-up to the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan.
奥朗德匆忙返回巴黎市中心。到进入内政部地下战情室的时候，他决定宣布法国进入紧急状态。他在电视讲话中表示：“这是一场由恐怖主义军队实施的战争行为。”他的措辞令人想起美国前总统小布什(George W Bush)的“反恐战争”——小布什在入侵伊拉克和阿富汗前夕首次使用了“反恐战争”一词。
The Paris terrorist attacks — the deadliest in France’s history — have tested Mr Hollande’s leadership skills for the second time this year. Unpopular at home, struggling to rekindle growth in the eurozone’s second-largest economy and unable to bring unemployment down from record highs, he has risen to the challenge. With the fight against terrorism, he has found a way to show his resolve as commander-in-chief.
巴黎恐怖袭击事件是法国历史上伤亡人数最多的袭击事件，它是今年对奥朗德领导能力的第二次考验。奥朗德在国内的支持率欠佳，他难以让欧元区第二大经济体恢复增长，也无法将创历史新高的失业率降下来，现在他奋力面对新的挑战。在针对恐怖主义的打击中，他设法展示了作为三军统帅的果断。
“There’s the man who is indecisive on the economic front, whose rebellious MPs hinder his reform programme, and who is forced into political compromises; and there is the man who acts with determination on security and foreign policy issues,” says Dominique , adviser to the Institut des Relations Internationales.
法国国际关系研究所(Institut des Relations Internationales)顾问多米尼克莫伊西(Dominique )表示：“这个人在经济战线上优柔寡断，改革计划遭到桀骜不驯的议员们阻扰，还被迫在政治上妥协。同时这个人果断地在安全和外交政策事宜上采取行动。”
Two days after at least nine extremists killed 129 concertgoers, passers-by and bar customers (the toll has risen to 130), Mr Hollande sent 10 jets to bomb the Syrian city of Raqqa, stronghold of Isis, the militant Islamist group that has claimed responsibility for the assaults. He vowed to “crush” the organisation.
在至少9名极端分子杀死129名音乐会观众、路人和酒吧顾客（遇难人数现在已升至130人）的两天后，奥朗德派遣10架战机轰炸了叙利亚的拉卡(Raqqa)，后者是宣称对此次袭击事件负责的激进伊斯兰组织“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国”(ISIS)的据点。他誓言要“摧毁”ISIS。
“It’s the true Hollande that has been revealed,” says Jack Lang, a former Socialist culture minister and a longtime friend. “You can’t change the economy by pressing a button, whereas a foreign policy is decided by a small group of people.”
法国国会社会党(Socialist)议员、前文化部部长、奥朗德的长期密友贾克朗(Jack Lang)表示：“这揭示出一个真正的弗朗索瓦攠朗德。你不能按下一个按钮就改变经济，然而外交政策由一小群人决定。”
Mr Hollande makes an unlikely war leader. The 61-year-old started life in the quiet Normandy city of Rouen — his father a doctor with far-right leanings, his mother a social worker — before the family moved to Paris. After graduating from business school, like many career politicians he studied at Nationale d’Administration. There he met Ségolène Royal, now energy minister, with whom he has four children. In office, his complicated private life has provided much fodder for the tabloids.
奥朗德看上去并不像一位战争领导人。这位现年61岁的总统出生在宁静的诺曼底鲁昂市，他的父亲是一位有着极右翼倾向的医生，他的母亲是一位社会工作者，后来他们家搬到了巴黎。在从商学院毕业后，与许多职业政客一样，他前往国家行政学院( Nationale d’Administration)求学。他在那里遇到了现任能源部长塞戈莱纳圠驿尔(Ségolène Royal)，两人育有4个孩子。在担任总统期间，奥朗德复杂的私生活为小报提供了大量素材。
As he rose through the Socialist party he joined at 25, he developed an interest in the economy and social-democrat leanings. As first secretary for more than a decade, his job was to reconcile a fractious party. He is not without personal charm, cordial in public, with a ready quip — even in the midst of the crisis, when awarding the Légion d’honneur to a friend, recounts Mr Lang.
奥朗德在25岁加入社会党，随着在党内地位的上升，他逐渐对经济产生兴趣并发展出社会民主倾向。他担任了十多年的第一书记，工作是在难以驾驭的社会党内协调事务。贾克朗表示，他并非没有个人魅力，在公众面前热情友好，妙语连出，即便在危机期间也是如此——他将荣誉军团勋章授予一位朋友，给他造成了危机。
When elected in 2012, he lacked foreign experience. “He hasn’t travelled much, international affairs never interested him,” says Professor Laurent Bouvet of Versailles university. “But... hasn’t hesitated to use the outsized powers granted by the French constitution to the head of state. For instance, he can launch air strikes in Syria without parliamentary approval.”
在2012年当选法国总统的时候，奥朗德缺乏外交经验。凡尔赛大学(Versailles university)教授劳伦特布维(Laurent Bouvet)表示：“他没有去过很多地方，也从来不对国际事务感兴趣。但……他在动用法国宪法授予国家元首的巨大权力时不曾犹豫。比如，他可以在不需取得议会批准的情况下对叙利亚发动空袭。”
He is often regarded as a soft, uncharismatic leader with an aversion to drastic decisions, yet he has launched more military operations than any other French president . In January 2013, he sent 2,500 troops to Mali to eradicate Islamists in the north. He is now spearheading a rapprochement with Russian president Vladimir Putin with a view to building a grand coalition to intensify the fight against Isis in the Middle East.
他通常被视为一个温和、缺乏魅力的领导人，不愿做出激烈的决定，然而他发起的军事行动比其他任何一位法国总统都多。在2013年1月，他向马里派遣了2500名士兵以消灭马里北部的伊斯兰极端分子。他现在带头与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔渠京(Vladimir Putin)恢复友好关系，目的是建立一个大联盟以加强对中东ISIS的打击。
The operations have so far been successful, although also risky. Special forces are still operating in northern Mali; on Friday they were deployed when Islamist gunmen stormed a Bamako hotel full of expatriates.
这些军事行动迄今取得了成功，尽管它们的风险也很大。特种部队仍在马里北部行动，上周五，当伊斯兰枪手向巴马科一家住满外籍人士的酒店发动袭击的时候，特种部队被调往那里。
Mr Hollande, eyeing a second term in 2017, may benefit from the crisis politically. Regional elections next month — in which Marine Le Pen, the anti-immigration politician, had been expected to make gains — will provide the first test of his popularity after the tragedy.
奥朗德有意在2017年连任总统，他可能在政治上受益于此次危机。下月举行的大区选举将在此次悲剧发生后第一次测试他的支持率——此前预计反对移民的政客马琳勒庞(Marine Le Pen)会在选举中获得优势。
As in January, after the Charlie Hebdo assault, there are signs the French back their leader: three-quarters approve of his handling of the crisis, according to a poll in Le Parisien. There are also signs his advisers seek to milk this renewed popularity: Gaspard Gantzer, the Elysée’s communications chief, tweeted the poll results as police were mounting an assault on Islamists in an apartment in the Paris suburb of Saint Denis.
正如今年1月《查理周刊》遇袭事件发生之后一样，有迹象表明法国人支持他们的领导人：《巴黎人报》(Le Parisien)的民调显示，四分之三的民众认可他对危机的处理方式。还有迹象表明，他的顾问们寻求利用他新获得的人气：在警方向躲在巴黎市郊圣-德尼(Saint-Denis)的一间公寓里的伊斯兰分子发起攻击的时候，爱丽舍宫的新闻主管加斯帕尔甘策(Gaspard Gantzer)在Twitter上公布了此次民调结果。
“This resolve allows him to reassert his presidential stature,” Mr Bouvet says. “As always with Hollande, the politics is never far away.”
布维表示：“这种果断让他可以再次角逐总统宝座。弗朗索瓦攠朗德总是这样，政治无处不在。”
