土耳其与荷兰外交风波升级

Turkey’s president ratcheted up his diplomatic row with the Netherlands on Tuesday, claiming the country had a “rotten character” and blaming Dutch troops for the worst massacre in Europe since the second world war.

周二，土耳其总统雷杰普?塔伊普?埃尔多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)对荷兰的外交声讨升级，他宣称荷兰“品德败坏”，并认为荷兰军队对二战以来欧洲最恶劣的大屠杀难辞其咎。

The remarks by Recep Tayyip Erdogan come less than 24 hours before Dutch voters go to the polls in a national election that has been coloured by a heated debate about the role of Islam in Dutch society, spurred by anti-Islam candidate Geert Wilders. Mr Wilders’ Freedom party (PVV) is polling second in the race.

埃尔多安发表上述言论之际，距荷兰大选投票已不足24个小时——反伊斯兰候选人海尔特?维尔德斯(Geert Wilders)引发的围绕伊斯兰在荷兰社会中角色的热烈辩论，让本次大选变得格外有看头。维尔德斯的自由党(PVV)目前在民调中排名第二。

“We know the Netherlands and the Dutch from the Srebrenica massacre,” Mr Erdogan said, invoking the most shameful episode in modern Dutch history. “We know how rotten their character is from their massacre of 8,000 Bosnians there.”

“我们从斯雷布雷尼察大屠杀事件了解了荷兰和荷兰人是什么样的，”埃尔多安说起现代荷兰历史上最可耻的一幕，“我们从他们屠杀那里的8000名波斯尼亚人就知道，他们品德败坏到何等地步。”

In 1995 Dutch troops serving as UN peacekeepers failed to prevent Bosnian Serb forces murdering 8,000 Muslim men and boys in the town of Srebrenica in eastern Bosnia.

1995年，荷兰维和部队未能阻止波黑塞族军队在位于波黑东部的斯雷布雷尼察杀害8000名穆斯林男子和男孩。

Mr Erdogan’s escalation comes in the midst of a vitriolic tit-for-tat between Ankara and The Hague, which began at the weekend after Dutch officials barred Turkish ministers from campaigning in Turkish communities inside the Netherlands.

埃尔多安对荷兰的声讨升级发生在这样一个时刻：上周末，在荷兰官员禁止土耳其部长在荷兰国内的土耳其社区拉票之后，安卡拉与海牙之间开始了一场针锋相对的相互报复。

Turkey’s ministers have been rallying Turkish expat communities across Europe to win support for Erdogan-backed constitutional changes, which will be voted on in a referendum next month.

土耳其部长们近来一直在欧洲各地的土耳其社区举行集会，以争取海外土耳其人对埃尔多安发起的宪法改革的支持——土耳其将于下个月就修宪举行公投。

Mark Rutte, the Dutch prime minister whose People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) is slightly ahead of the PVV, has seen his poll numbers rise in recent days because of his hardline stance with Ankara. On Tuesday he called Mr Erdogan’s comments “a disgusting distortion of history”, adding: “We will not lower ourselves to this level. It is totally unacceptable.”

荷兰首相马克?吕特(Mark Rutte)最近由于对安卡拉立场强硬而在民调中排名上升。吕特所属的自由民主人民党(VVD)在民调中略微领先自由党。周二，他将埃尔多安的言论称为“对历史令人恶心的歪曲”，还称“我们不会自甘堕落至这种水平。这完全不可接受”。

Earlier on Tuesday Mr Rutte had issued a call for calm in the dispute with Turkey.

周二早些时候，吕特呼吁在与土耳其的争执中保持冷静。

Mr Erdogan, who has also benefited domestically from the row with Mr Rutte, has sought to broaden his diplomatic dispute to take on all of the EU, particularly Germany, which has had similar run-ins with Ankara over campaigning in Germany’s large Turkish community.

埃尔多安在国内也受益于与吕特的争执，他寻求将外交争端扩大至针对所有欧盟国家，尤其是德国，后者同样因土耳其在德国的大型土耳其社区拉票而与安卡拉发生争执。

The Turkish president said Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, was “no different from the Netherlands” and urged émigré Turks not to vote for “the government and the racists” in upcoming European elections. Ms Merkel faces a tough re-election bid in September.

埃尔多安表示，德国总理安格拉?默克尔(Angela Merkel)“与荷兰没有什么不同”，并敦促移居海外的土耳其人不要在即将到来的欧洲选举中投票支持“现任政府和种族主义者”。要在今年9月成功竞选连任，默克尔面临一场硬仗。

On Tuesday Saarland became the first German region to ban campaigning by foreign politicians. Several German local councils had called off planned Turkish ministers’ campaign meetings on technical grounds, such as fire safety.

周二，萨尔州成为德国第一个禁止外国政客拉票的地区。德国数个地方议会基于消防安全等技术原因，取消了土耳其部长们原计划的拉票集会。

The diplomatic row began when Ankara’s foreign minister was denied entry to the Netherlands on Saturday for a campaign rally in favour of Mr Erdogan’s constitutional reforms. Armed Dutch police also intercepted another Turkish minister, Fatma Betul Sayan Kaya, on her way to the rally in Rotterdam and escorted her back to the German border.

上周六，土耳其外交部长被禁止入境荷兰参加为埃尔多安宪法改革争取支持的拉票活动，两国间这场外交风波由此开始。全副武装的荷兰警方还在土耳其另一位部长法蒂玛?贝图?萨扬?卡亚(Fatma Betul Sayan Kaya)前往鹿特丹的集会途中将其拦下，并护送至荷德边境。

In a televised debate on Monday night, Mr Wilders called on the Netherlands to expel the Turkish ambassador.

维尔德斯在周一晚上的电视辩论中呼吁荷兰将土耳其大使驱逐出境。

“That’s the difference between tweeting from your couch and governing the country. If you govern the country, you have to take sensible decisions, and that isn’t sensible,” Mr Rutte replied.

吕特回应称：“这就是坐在沙发上发推特与治理国家的区别。如果你在治理这个国家，你就得做明智的决定，而驱逐大使是不明智的。”

On Monday night, Ankara confirmed that the Dutch ambassador would not be welcome to return to Turkey.

周一晚间，安卡拉方面证实，不欢迎荷兰驻土耳其大使返回土耳其。

Federica Mogherini, the EU’s foreign policy chief, and Johannes Hahn, the bloc’s enlargement commissioner, have also weighed in, criticising Mr Erdogan’s proposed constitutional changes and his recent rhetoric.

欧盟外交政策高级代表费代丽卡?莫盖里尼(Federica Mogherini)和欧盟扩大事务专员约翰内斯?哈恩(Johannes Hahn)也表明立场，批评埃尔多安提议的宪法改革及其最近的言辞。

Turkey’s foreign ministry angrily rejected the EU criticism. “The EU should realise that the statement fuels extremism, such as xenophobia and anti-Turkish sentiments, because the call to refrain from excessive statements and actions that risk further exacerbating the situation is made only to Turkey, instead of the countries that caused this situation by violating diplomatic conventions and international law,” it said.

土耳其外交部愤怒地驳斥了欧盟的批评。它说：“欧盟应该意识到，这种声明助长了极端主义，比如仇外和反土耳其情绪，因为它对避免过分言论和行动以免局势进一步恶化的呼吁，针对的只是土耳其，而不是所有违反外交公约和国际法、从而导致了这种局面的国家。”

Russia and Nato have both called for a de-escalation of the Turkey-Netherlands row.

俄罗斯和北约(Nato)都呼吁缓和土耳其与荷兰的争执。

During Monday night’s debate Mr Rutte reiterated that he would not form a coalition government with Mr Wilders’ party, even ruling out forming a government that relied on support from the anti-immigration party. “I’m not going to work with such a party again,” said Mr Rutte, whose first minority government was propped up by PVV after the 2010 elections.

吕特在周一晚间的辩论中重申，他不会与维尔德斯所属的政党组建联合政府，他甚至还表示不可能组建一个依赖这个反移民政党支持的政府。吕特表示：“我不会再次与这样的政党合作。”在2010年选举之后，吕特组建的首个少数派政府受到自由党的支持。

In response, Mr Wilders labelled Mr Rutte a liar, citing the prime minister’s broken pledge not to support a bailout of Greece during the 2012 election.

作为回应，维尔德斯把吕特归为骗子，指责后者未能遵守在2012年选举期间做出的不支持纾困希腊的承诺。

Polls indicate that the Dutch election will be extremely tight. Mr Rutte’s centre-right VVD sits atop most polls, just 3 percentage points ahead of the PVV. Most polls show a large percentage of voters remain undecided.

民调显示，荷兰选举将是一场胶着战。吕特所属的中右翼自由民主人民党在大多数民调中位居榜首，但仅领先自由党3个百分点。大多数民调显示很大一部分选民仍未做出决定。

Several other parties have support that is only slightly lower, including the centrist liberal D66, the Christian Democratic Appeal and leftwing GreenLeft.

其他数个政党的支持率只是略低于上述两党，包括持中间立场的自由派政党民主66 (D66)、基督教民主联盟(Christian Democratic Appeal)和左翼的绿色左翼党(GreenLeft)。

Additional reporting from Stefan Wagstyl in Berlin

斯蒂芬?韦格斯蒂尔(Stefan Wagstyl)柏林补充报道