外科口罩或自制口罩，都标志着思维的重大转变

Surgical or homemade, masks mark a major shift in thinking

外科口罩或自制口罩，都标志着思维的重大转变

Think about Hannibal Lecter, the psychopathic cannibal in the "Silence of The Lambs." Or Jason Voorhees, the hockey mask-wearing murderer in the "Friday the 13th" slasher film series.

想想汉尼拔·莱克特，《沉默的羔羊》中的精神变态食人魔；或杰森·沃里斯，《十三号星期五》系列电影中戴着曲棍球面具的凶手。

Before the coronavirus outbreak abruptly disrupted the livelihoods of millions of People, the sight of masks worn in public spaces in the Western world conjured up images of malevolent clowns and terrifying fictional villains.

在新冠病毒爆发突然扰乱了数百万人的生计之前，西方世界中在公共场所戴着口罩的形象常让人联想起邪恶的小丑和可怕的虚构恶魔。

Even worse, in the streets of Paris, London or Brussels, mask-wearing — a long-accepted measure in some Asian cities — would often trigger unease and angst related to real-life traumatic bloodshed orchestrated by balaclava-led commandos from extremist groups.

更糟糕的是，虽然在一些亚洲城市中，戴口罩是人们长期接受的一种行为，但在巴黎、伦敦或布鲁塞尔的街头，戴口罩往往会引发不安和焦虑，这缘于在现实生活中，由基地组织的巴拉克拉瓦领导的突击队策划的令人痛苦的流血事件。

France banned the wearing of full veils in public places back in 2011 in part because the government said the face covering violated the nation's secular values, well before the COVID-19 pandemic took shape.

法国早在2011年就禁止在公共场所戴完整的面纱，部分原因是政府表示，早在新冠肺炎疫情形成之前，遮脸违反了国家的世俗价值观。

But in the space of just a few weeks this spring, this narrative has been turned upside down. Masks are everywhere and carry a new, positive meaning.

但在今年春天的短短几周时间里，这种说法就发生了翻天覆地的变化。口罩无处不在，并承载着一种新的、积极的意义。

"The mask, at first, is anxiety-inducing," Franck Cochoy, a professor of sociology at the University of Toulouse Jean Jaures, said in a phone interview. "When people saw them in the street, it felt like they were faced with the threat of the disease. Today, what people find scary is not having masks. Masks have become soothing objects."

 “面具一开始会让人焦虑。” Toulouse Jean Jaures大学社会学教授Franck Cochoy在接受电话采访时说：“当人们在街上看到口罩时，他们会感到面临的疾病的威胁。而如今，人们觉得可怕的是没有戴口罩。口罩已经变成了一种抚慰的东西。” 

After discouraging citizens from wearing face covers during the early stages of the pandemic, most governments now recommend, or even make their use mandatory, as they try to slow the spread of the virus.

在疫情爆发初期不鼓励公民戴口罩之后，大多数政府现在建议，甚至强制使用口罩，目的是试图减缓病毒的传播。

Cochoy is stunned by how quickly people have adopted masks. With a team of researchers, he has surveyed their use during the health crisis, scrutinizing more than a thousand testimonies.

人们接受口罩的速度如此之快，这让Cochoy感到震惊。他和一组研究人员调查了口罩在健康危机期间的使用情况，并仔细审查了1000多份说辞。

He said masks have created a new kind of social inequality, "a social division between those who have masks, and those who don't."

他说，口罩造成了一种新的社会不平等，“有口罩的人和没有口罩的人之间的社会鸿沟”。

"People who don't have masks feel naked," he said.

“没有戴口罩的人感觉就像赤身裸体。”他说。

At the start of the pandemic, the lack of masks led many people to resort to homemade solutions. Although medical professionals say the protection they offer is not ideal, hand-crafted masks have become a hit and the small pieces of fabric covering the nose and mouth are now a social marker like any other piece of clothing.

在新冠疫情大流行开始时，口罩的缺乏导致许多人寻找自制的解决方案。尽管医学专家说，这并不会提供理想的防护，但手工制作的口罩已大受欢迎，覆盖鼻子和嘴巴的小块布料如今已像其他衣服一样，成为了一种社会标志。

On the glitzy Champs-Elysees avenue in Paris, when shoppers were allowed back in the streets after two months of a stringent lockdown, a woman sported a black mask with a white Chanel inscription.

在巴黎金碧辉煌的香榭丽舍大道上，当购物者在严格封锁两个月后获准重返街头时，一名妇女戴着印有白色香奈儿品牌的黑色口罩。

In Brussels, inside a small shop selling organic fruit and vegetables popular with the so-called "bohemian-bourgeois" urbanites, hand-crafted masks come in a myriad of designs and a rainbow of colors. A few hundreds meters down the road, people running errands at a big-chain supermarket mostly wear the surgical, disposable version of the mask — the one available for less than one euro in pharmacies — with no aesthetic airs at all.

在布鲁塞尔的一家售卖有机水果和蔬菜的小商店里，手工制作的口罩有设计繁多，五颜六色，受到了所谓的“波西米亚资产阶级”都市居民的欢迎。沿着这条路往下走几百米，在一家大型连锁超市里，办事的人大多戴着一次性外科口罩（在药店这种口罩售价不到一欧元），没有丝毫美感。

Vanessa Colignon, a textile and fashion designer based in Brussels, has been engaged for years in zero-waste projects, using natural or recycled materials from sustainable local producers. It's the daily sight of cheap disposable gloves and masks thrown away in the streets of her neighborhood that convinced her to start producing her own during the health crisis.

Vanessa Colignon是布鲁塞尔的一名纺织品和时装设计师，多年来一直致力于零废物项目，使用可持续发展的当地生产商提供的天然或回收材料。在危机期间，她每天都能看到廉价的一次性手套和口罩被丢弃在她家附近的街道上，这让她开始自己生产自己的手套和口罩。

"I expected the government to develop reusable masks and gloves," she said, disappointed by a perceived lack of commitment for sustainable mask production from Belgian authorities.

“我希望政府能发明可重复使用的口罩和手套。”她说道。她对比利时当局缺乏对可持续使用口罩的生产的承诺感到失望。

"The priority should have been to say: 'We don't make disposable masks anymore,'" she added.

“当务之急应该是说：‘我们不再生产一次性口罩了。’”她补充说。

Cochoy thinks the dichotomy between the hand-crafted and surgical masks offers a preview of the trend that will shape life after COVID-19, supporters of sustainable development facing off against "growth at all costs" strategies.

Cochoy认为，手工制作的口罩和外科口罩之间的二元形态预示着改变新冠肺炎后的生活趋势，新冠肺炎是可持续发展的支持者，反对“不惜一切代价实现增长”的战略。

"It's fascinating. These two types of masks are carrying voices for the post-coronavirus world," he said. "On one hand, the surgical masks embody the modern, globalized world, where everything is standardized, with all its advantages and inconveniences. Their filtration power is high, measurable, and certified, but they come from abroad in containers, are carbon-charged, disposable. With the homemade version, we return to a form of less efficient, but also non-market, sustainable economy."

 “这很有趣，这两种口罩承载着后新冠病毒时代的声音。” 他说：“一方面，外科口罩体现了现代化、全球化的世界，一切都是标准化的，有其所有的优点和不便。它们的过滤能力很高，可测量且经过认证，但它们来自国外，装在容器里，充满了碳且是一次性的。有了自制版口罩，我们就回到了一种效率较低，但也是非市场、可持续的经济形式。”

翻译：MS小冰晶