英语中不规则的动词表达

动词不规则变化是英语学习中非常基础的知识内容，也是非常重要的内容。它涉及的的语法点包括时态、语态、非谓语动词等，是我们写对英语句子的根基。如果你还不太了解的话，如果你也感兴趣的话，今天就跟着我们一起来看看吧!

英语中有许多不规则动词，它们不能简单通过加ed来获得过去式。

★记忆法一：常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下：

一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)

cost—cost—cost

cut—cut—cut

hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt

let—let— let

put—put—put

read—read—read

set—set—set

shut—shut—shut

二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)

1 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个)

bring—brought—brought

buy— bought—bought

think—thought—thought

2 词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。(4个)

build—built—built

lend—lent—lent

send—sent—sent

spend—spent—spent

3 过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)

catch—caught—caught

teach—taught—taught

4 把-eep变为-ept。(3个)

keep—kept—kept

sleep—slept—slept

sweep— swept—swept

5 把-ell变为-old。(2个)

tell—told—told

sell—sold—sold

6 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)

smell—smelt—smelt

spell—spelt—spelt

feel—felt— felt

spill—spilt—spilt

7 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)

learn—learnt—learnt

mean—meant—meant

spoil—spoilt—spoilt

8 过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)

say—said—said

pay—paid—paid

lay—laid—laid

hear—heard—heard

9 改变元音字母。(11个)

meet—met—met

get—got—got

sit—sat—sat

find— found—found

hold—held—held

spit—spat—spat

shine— shone—shone

win—won—won

hang—hung—hung

dig— dug—dug

lose—lost—lost

10 改变辅音字母。(1个)

make—made—made

11 改变元、辅音字母。(4个)

leave—left—left

stand—stood—stood

have(has)— had—had

understand—understood—understood

三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)

1 i—a—u变化。(6个)

begin—began—begun

drink—drank—drunk

sing—sang—sung

ring—rang—rung

swim—swam—swum

sink—sank—sunk

2 词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)

blow—blew—blown

draw—drew—drawn

grow— grew—grown

know—knew—known

throw—threw—thrown(show除外)

3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give，hide除外)

drive—drove—driven

write—wrote—written

ride—rode—ridden

rise—rose—risen

4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)

break—broke—broken

choose—chose—chosen

freeze—froze—frozen

speak—spoke—spoken

wake—woke—woken

5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)

forget—forgot—forgotten

6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)

be—was(were)—been

eat—ate—eaten

fall—fell—fallen

give—gave—given

see—saw—seen

hide—hid—hidden(hid)

7 词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)

take—took—taken

mistake—mistook—mistaken

8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)

do—did—done

fly—flew—flown

go—went—gone

lie—lay—lain

show—showed—shown

wear—wore—worn

四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。(1个)

beat—beat—beaten

五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)

come—came—come

become—became—become

run—ran—run

六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。(4个)

can—could

may—might

will—would

shall—should

★记忆法二：它们不是杂乱无章的，可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。

一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同：

cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut

(细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)

二、 原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：

beat/beat/beaten

三、 原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：

come/came/come;become/became/become;run/ran/run

(come，become，属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed)

四、 过去式，过去分词相同：

(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e

meet/met/met;feed/fed/fed

(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t

feel/felt/felt;sleep/slept/slept

keep/kept/kept;sweep/swept/swept

(3) 词尾为的ll，去掉一个l加t;

spell/spelt/spelt;smell/smelt/smelt;spill/spilt/spilt

(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾

catch/caught/caught;teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought

buy/bought/bought;think/thought/thought

(5) 将stand改为stood

stand/stood/stood;understand/understood/understood

(6) 将ay改为aid

lay/laid/laid;pay/paid/paid;say/said/said

(7) 将d改为t

lend/lent/lent;send/sent/sent

spend/spent/spent;build/built/built

(8) 将i改为a , o, u等

sit/sat/sat;spit/spat/spat

dig/dug/dug;win/won/won

(9) 将ell改为old

tell/told/told;sell/sold/sold

(10) 词尾加t

learn/learnt/learnt;mean/meant/meant

dream/dreamt/dreamt;spoil/spoilt/spoilt

(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的：

learn/learnt/learnt;learn/learned/learned

shine/shone/shone;shine/shined/shined

hang/hung/hung;hang/hanged/hanged

smell/smelt/smelt;smell/smelled/smelled

burn/burnt/burnt;burn/burned/burned

light/lii/lit;light/lighted/lighted

(12) 其它

have(has)/had/had;hear/heard/heard

shoot/shot/shot;lose/lost/lost

hold/held/held;get/got/got(AmE gotten)

find/found/found;make/made/made

leave/left/left

五、三者均不同：

(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾

blow/blew/blown;fly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grown;know/knew/known

throw/threw/thrown

值得注意的是:

show/showed/shown或showed;draw/drew/drawn

(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词

begin/began/begun;drink/drank/drunk

ring/rang/rung;sing/sang/sung

swim/swam/swum;sink/sank/sunk

(3)改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾

drive/drove/driven;write/wrote/written

rise/rose/risen;ride/rode/ridden

(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词

drive/drove/driven;rise/rose/risen;eat/ate/eaten

give/gave/given;fall/fell/fallen

(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词

break/broke/broken;choose/chose/chosen

freeze/froze/frozen;mistake/mistook/mistaken

steal/stole/stolen;speak/spoke/spoken

take/took/taken;wake/woke/woken(或woke)

(6)其它

be/was或were/been;do/did/done;forget/forgot/forgotten

go/went/gone;hide/hid/hidden;see/saw/seen; wear/wore/worn

六、 有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同。

wake/woke/woken(或woke);wake/waked/waked

sink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken

七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义：

shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词：

shone/shone照耀;shined/shined擦亮

hung/hung悬挂;hanged/hanged绞死

八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词

lie 躺卧 lay/lain/lying(现在分词)

lay 放，下蛋 laid/laid/laying

find 找到、发现 find/found/found

found 创建，成立 found/founded/founded

九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆

(一)词义相对：

(1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去

(2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得

(3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken (或woke)

或wake/waked/waked 醒来

(4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

sink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉

(5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖

(6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来

(7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt

或learn/learned/learned学习、学会

(8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到

win/won/won赢得、(获)胜

(9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐

(10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到

(二)词义相近：

(1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败;win/won/won赢得、获胜

(2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解

know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识

(3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得

become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得

go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成

(4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过

pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳

cost/cost/cost花费、价值为

take/took/taken花费

(5) say/said/said说、讲

speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲

tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定

talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论

★记忆法三：

1.无变化，过去式与原形相同。

let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut

(shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)

2.元音字母的变化。

i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank

i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,

(strive→strove arise→arose)

i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground)

a→oo: take→took, shake→shook

e→o: get→got, forget→forgot

o→a: come→came, become→became

oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose

3.元音字母组合的变化。

aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew

4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。

(1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold

(2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid

(3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept

(4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought

(5) catch→caught, teach→taught

(6) can→could, will→would, shall→should

5.辅音字母变化。

(1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent

(2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard

(3)mean→meant, learn→learnt

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