口译考试阅读理解答题技巧
在答阅读部分试题时，词汇量的多少到底重不重要?这个问题始终争议很大。接下来，小编给大家准备了口译考试阅读理解答题技巧,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
对策①：通过确定该生词在上下文中是positive抑或negative来进行判断。
例一：
23. The word "gimmicks" in this passage is closest in meaning to ________.
(A) services (B) extras (C) tricks (D) games
请看原文：
So how can you make the most of your new power as a consumer? Here are rules to help you find your way.
1 Never pay list price.
2 Refuse gimmicks.
As competition heats up and pushes prices down, businesses scramble to boost their profits by heaping on extras: rustproofing your car, service contracts on your appliances, prepaid gasoline for your rental car. These gimmicks are devised to make you pay more at the last minute and probably aren't a good deal.
3 Don't buy on impulse.
4 Say no to platinum prices.
5 Switch-or threaten to.
以上是原文的大体框架，从加下划线的第一句我们可以看出，在这篇文章中作者将给消费者提出建议，希望消费者能够避免上狡猾商家的当而多掏腰包。作者希望消费者能做到这5点，所以可以判断出第2点中紧跟refuse的词应该是贬义的或者说负面的。我们直译一下阴影部分的内容：(商家)设计这些gimmicks是为了让你(消费者)在最后一刻多掏腰包，恐怕可不是什么让你占便宜的啊。再看四个选项中A,B和D都无贬义，只有C表示“花招，伎俩”之意，故正确答案为C。
看来不必非要知其意才能答对题，开动你的脑筋，通过判断词的褒贬义也可攻破难关。顺便说一下，如果题目问第4点中platinum prices为何意，应该也很好突破，“say no to"后面肯定不是什么好东西，这种价格站在消费者的角度来说肯定是天价。所以即使你不知道platinum(铂金，一种贵重金属, 由其制成的首饰上往往有Pt标志也即platinum的缩写)为何意恐怕也能猜出三分吧。
例二：
21. The word "hindrance" in line 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
(A) encouragement (B) assistance (C) procedure (D) interference
请看原文：
Experiments have shown that in selecting personnel for a job, interviewing is at best a hindrance, and may even cause harm.
尽管"hindrance"这个词对大多数考生而言并不是什么生词，但从答题技巧来说我们同样可以通过正面/负面的方法解题。原句中even cause harm说明进行面试会造成不利影响，所以hindrance一词肯定是负面的。回到选项中A,B都是positive, 而C. procedure(程序，手续)则是中性的，所以只有rference (干扰、干涉)为负面意义，故答案为D.
例三：
8. The word "jeopardize" (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to __________.
(A) endeavor (B) endanger (C) endorse (D)endow
请看原文：
What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue.
出题者想通过形似的单词(四个选项都是end开头)给考生制造模糊印象，其实我们大可不必惊慌。从上下文来看，"jeopardize"肯定是动词，因此四个选项中应该选相应的动词替换。恰巧选项都是动词，因而增加了答题难度。让我们再分析一下上下文。请注意原文中这几个词：disastrous, too quickly, sacrificing sleep only to gain和weak, fatigue, 我们是否可以看出作者的态度是反对sacrifice sleep的呢?既然如此，通过牺牲睡眠而获得时间似乎也不是什么好事，因为在身体疲倦的状况下做出的决策和行动往往会欠妥，从而对文明的发展不利，所以jeopardize our civilization肯定是对文明造成负面影响的。avor大家应该不陌生，表努力，尽力之意。rse表示write one's name on the back of a check, 即背书，由此引申出认可，赞同之意。当然，如果说Your driving licence has been endorsed.那你的驾照可就有违规记录，你得当心喽!而D表示捐赠金钱、财产等，发善心做善事。看来只有B. endanger (使处于危险中)才有负面之意，也才合题意。
对策②：通过构词法，观察单词的前缀、后缀及词根等构成进行判断。
例一：2000年9月试题第16题：
16. The word "anthropologist" (line 1) means someone who _______.
(A) studies the nature of man (B) arranges wedding ceremonies (C) keeps account for newly weds
(D) records local events
请看原文：
An anthropologist recorded the expenses for ceremonies he attended in a village in Thailand. The following chart provides information on the bahts (Thai currency) spent for a wedding.
这个单词乍一看挺吓人，又臭又长。其实定睛一看并不是不可的。也许知道anthrop(o)这个前缀是跟“man"(人，人类)有关的同学不是太多，从而对由此衍生出的单词不认识也就不足为怪了，如：anthropoid a.(猿)似人的，类人猿的;anthropology n. 人类学;anthropophagous a. 吃人的，食人肉的(《参考消息》最近还报道了科学家发现历史上人吃人的确凿证据，令人毛骨悚然!);philanthropist n.慈善家(phil爱，anthrop 人，爱天下之人，具有博爱情怀的人难道不是慈善家么?)但是，我们初中就学过，scientist, biologist, 我们是否可以联想一下原文中"anthropologist"这个词类似于biologist，是与研究某学科有关的人。答案A. studies the nature of man似乎最合意。
例二：
23. The word "xenophobia" (para.2) means "__________".
(A) partiality (B) arbitrariness (C) discrimination (D) antipathy
请看原文：
The Campaign Against Racism and Fascism (CARF), a London based group, tells me tha
对策③：不拘泥于词或短语的本义，而从其引申义来考虑。
例一：
23. The phrase "take off (paragraph 4) means _________.
(A) transfer to another vessel (B) cause to lose weight
(C) begin to develop markedly (D) cause to leave the ground
请看原文：
Over here, in Britain, Computertowns have taken off in a big way, and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club.
take off本义为(飞机)起飞或物体离开地面，选项D即为take off的本义，但是把D带到原文中解释不通，可见，出题者并不是想考我们take off的本义，而是在文中的引申义。请注意原文中紧跟take off的方式状语in a big way，后面指出已有约40个之多的Computertown散布在全国各地，后面successful一词进一步说明Computertown是朝着positive方向发展的, 所以答案明显为表示快速发展的C。
例二：
11. The word "wasteland" (para.1) is used to describe ________.
(A) western badlands (B) average television programs
(C) TV film studios (D) theatrical plays
请看原文：
When the television is good, nothing-not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers-nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen, Western goodmen, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.
wasteland本义为land that is desolate, barren, or ravaged,即荒地，废地。A中badland即为wasteland的本义，带到原文中等于同义替代，并没有作出解释，显然不是出题者的意图所在。而从wasteland后面的内容可以看出电视节目中充斥着暴力、血腥、谋杀、俗套的喜剧种.种格调不高的内容，总之无聊透顶，所以答案不言自明，选B。
作者采用了metaphor(暗喻)的手法，对令人失望的电视节目大加讽刺，从另一个侧面反映了西方社会精神食粮的匮乏和作者在看似调侃的语调中对电视文化流露出的失望和愤慨。顺便赏析一下阴影部分，难道你不觉得作者这样写很风趣幽默吗?我们是否在写作时也可模仿一下，比如：When money is good, nothing is better. But when money is bad, nothing is worse. If you thank I exaggerate, try it. 你觉得如何呢?
对策④：解释法。
例：
29. Breeding the hybrid offspring to fix desirable traits is called _________.
(A) naturally selecting (B) inbreeding
(C) pedigree breeding (D) pure-breeding
30. A farmer imported several fine long wool Tomney sheep from Australia to breed with his Debouittet sheep in hopes of increasing the value of the flock's wool. This is an example of _________.
(A) pure-breeding (B) crossbreeding
(C) reproducing (D) cloning
请看原文：
Individual specimens with the desired traits are crossbred. The hybrid offspring are then inbred to preserve and fix the desirable characteristics and eliminate unfavorable characteristics from the stock.
29题基本是对原文中inbred(原形inbreed，表近亲交配，同系繁殖)的释义，采用直接下定义法。关键是文中此句The hybrid offspring are then inbred to preserve and fix the desirable characteristics与题干吻合，故答案为B。
30题通过具体例子旨在考查考生对文中提到的几个术语是否理解，当然并非从专业角度，而是从英语构词法的角度来考查的。某农民进口优质长毛羊的目的最终是为了增加收入，这也印证了文中的一句话：The traits usually are selected for convenience, pleasure, or financial gain of individuals.而进口羊同农民家另一品种羊交配从而fix the desirable characteristics的过程当然叫做crossbreed了。从构词法来看，pure-breed应该是纯种繁殖之意，而crossbreed由于cross有交叉之意，故为杂交繁殖，而reproduce前缀re=again, 应为复制，再生之意，而clone则是近几年来高科技发展的产物，意即无性繁殖，通常音译为“克隆”。所以30题答案应为B。
对策⑤：大胆跳过。事实上，大多数生词并不影响你对整篇文章意思的理解。
例一：The deathwatch beetle is thought of as the devil's pest in churches and old houses, but in natural habitats it infests a wide range of decaying hardwoods. It has been found in hornbeam, sweet chestnut, hawthorn, beech, ash, blackpoplar, elm, larch, spruce and yew, but the two most commonly infested species in Britain are oak and willow.
首先，如果读者不是学昆虫学的话，恐怕很难描述出这种deathwatch beetle是什么样子，但至少我们知道它是一种甲虫，而且我们通过原文还知道它生活在教堂建筑物，老房子或者枯朽的硬木上，此外还可以在种.种植物上找到它，至于这些植物(划线部分)具体叫什么名字我们根本可以不去追究，完全可以大胆跳过。那么请思考：出题者可能考我们什么呢?是不是很有可能考我们方框里的内容呢?
例二：
School phobia is distinguished from other common childhood and adolescent psychological and emotional disorders by the patient's reaction to, and fear of, the idea of going to school. Typically, it begins with fever, sweating, headaches, and diarrhea; it often progresses to complete physical inertia, depression, and even autism.
文章对school phobia进行了释义，然后列举了种.种“症状”表现。其实当我们看到headaches时，后面的内容可以快速浏览过去，不必在意是否认识其中的医学术语，总之我们知道叙述的是具有厌学情绪孩子的种.种表现，完全可以大胆跳过。
例三：
NEW YORK-Pythagoras had his theorems, Einstein his theories and Murphy his laws. I have developed the maxim of inverse reciprocals.
如果你不知道Pythagoras 和Murphy是谁，但是你肯定知道Einstein和他著名的相对论。由此可以推断Pythagoras 和Murphy也是两名科学家。实际上，前者为毕达哥拉斯，古希腊哲学家、数学家，后者为墨菲，美国法学家。而且theorem(数学)定理，法则，maxim(格言，座右铭)和 law也是跟theory近似的含义。
可见，在做阅读理解时并不是每个单词我们都要理解才能看懂文章，关键是把握信息点，即作者想要传达的主要思想，同时我们也要摸清出题者的意图，并不是要当我们成为某个领域的专家之后才能读懂文章，专业问题，而是充分利用已有的对英语语言的把握和生活常识来答题。现在你还用为词汇障碍痛苦吗?
