托业七大题型详解：ShortTalks
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托业七大题型详解：Short Talks
Short Talks
Format
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In Part IV, you will hear a number of talks on the audio program. There are two, three, and sometimes four questions for each talk. The questions are written in your test booklet. There are four answer choices following each question. You have to choose the best answer to the question based on the information that you hear in the talk. Before each of the talks, there is an introductory statement.
Examples of introductory statements:
Questions 80 and 81 are based on the following announcement:
Questions 93 to 96 refer to the following lecture:
Following each talk, you'll hear instructions to answer particular questions, with eight-second pauses between each of them. (You do not have to wait for these announcements to answer the questions.)
Because this part of the test consists of both spoken material on the tape and written questions and answer choices, it tests both listening and reading skills.
1. The talks: The talks are all monologues -- that is, they are delivered by one speaker. They are fairly short -- most are less than one minute long.
2. The questions: Three main types of questions are asked about the talks: overview questions, detail questions, and inference questions.
_Overview questions require a general understanding of the lecture or of the situation in which it is given. Overview questions ask about the main idea or purpose of the lecture, or about the speaker, the audience, or the location where the talk is given. Some typical overview questions:
Who is speaking?
What is the purpose of the talk?
What kind of people would probably be interested in this talk?
What is happening in this talk?
Where is this announcement being made?
_Detail questions relate to specific points in the talk. They begin with question words: who, what, where, why, when, how, how much, and so on. Some ars negative questions; they ask whaat was not mentioned in the talk:
Which of the following is NOT true about... ?
_Inference questions require you to make a conclusion based on the information provided in the talk. These questions often contain the word probably or forms of the verbs imply or infer:
What is probably true about... ?
What does the speaker imply about... ?
What can be inferred from this talk?
3. The answer choices: All the answer choices are plausible answers to the questions, in many cases, the distractors are mentioned in the talk. Just because you hear an answer choice mentioned in the talk does not mean it is the correct answer for a particular question.
Tactics
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1. Listen carefully to the introductory announcement that is given before each talk. It will tell you what kind of talk you are going to hear (an announcement or a commercial, for example) as well as which questions to look at during that talk.
2. Always look at the questions as the talk is being given on the audio program. Do not look away or close your eyes in order to concentrate on the spoken material. You must focus on both the talk and the written questions.
3. Because the questions ars written out, you can use them to focus your listening for particular information.
4. Do not mark your answer sheet while the talk is going on, even if you know the answer. The act of answering a question may cause you to miss the information you need to answer the question or questions that follow.
5. Do not wait for the speaker on the audio program to instruct you to answer the questions. In fact, you should ignore those announcements. Begin answering as soon as the talk is over, and answer all the questions related to that talk as soon es you can. If you have a few seconds left before the next talk begins, preview the next few questions in your test booklet.
6. Never continue working on the questions about one talk after another
talk has begun.
7. If you are not sure of an answer, eliminate unlikely choices and then guess.
8. Always answer each question. Never leave any blanks.
_Testing Points and Skill-Building Exercises
A. Public Announcements
B. News, Weather, and Public Service Bulletins
C. Commercial Messages
D. Business Talks
E. Recorded Messages
托业备考辅导：托业阅读考试知识整理
The US then concentrated on bullying its poor neighbors in Central America and the Caribbean, meddling in the affairs of El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama and Grenada. The collapse of the Soviet Bloc's 'Evil Empire' in 1991 left the US as the world's sole superpower, and the Gulf War in 1992 gave George Bush the opportunity to lead a coalition supposedly representing a 'new world order' into battle against Iraq. Domestic matters, such as health reform, gun ownership, drugs, racial tension, gay rights, balancing the budget, the tenacious Whitewater scandal and the Monica Lewinsky 'Fornigate' affair tended to overshadow international concerns during the Clinton administration. In a bid to kickstart its then-ailing economy, the USA signed NAFTA, a free-trade agreement with Canada and Mexico, in 1993, invaded Haiti in its role of upholder of democracy in 1994, committed thousands of troops to peacekeeping operations in Bosnia in 1995, hosted the Olympics in 1996 and enjoyed, over the past few years, the fruits of a bull market on Wall St. The 2000 presidential election made history by being the most highly contested race in the nation's history.
The Democratic candidate, Al Gore, secured the majority of the popular vote but lost the election when all of Florida’s electoral college votes went to George W Bush, who was ahead of Gore in that state by only 500 votes. Demands for recounts, a ruling by the Florida Supreme Court in favor of partial recounts, and a handful of lawsuits generated by both parties were brought to a halt when the US Supreme Court split along party lines and ruled that all recounts should cease. After five tumultuous weeks, Bush was declared the winner. The early part of Bush’s presidency saw the US face international tension, with renewed violence in the Middle East, a spy-plane standoff with China and nearly global disapproval of US foreign policy with regard to the environment. On the domestic front, a considerably weakened economy provided challenges for national policymakers. Whether the US can continue to hold onto its dominant position on the world stage and rejuvenate its economy remains to be seen
2020年托业考试词汇
mild winter 暖冬
rain cloud 雨云
photochemical smog 光化学烟雾
scorching 酷热的
snowstorm 暴风雪
sizzling (水滚热时的)
summery 夏季的
taper off 逐渐停止
tropical depression 热带低气压
typhoon area 台风圈
visibility 可见度
warm current 暖流
weather station 气象台
weatherperson 天气预报员
wintry 冬天般的
shape up 成型，发展
fair sky 美丽的天空
spell 意味着
muggy 闷热的
precipitation 雨
Toeic Vocabulary- travel
line 铁路线
passenger car 客车厢
freight car 货车厢
dining car 餐车厢
conductor 乘务员
express train 快车
local train 慢车
junction 列车枢纽站
transfer 转乘
on/behind/ahead of schedule 准时/晚点/提前
humidity 湿度
atmospheric pressure 气压
flood 洪水
avalanche 雪崩
Antarctic 南极
Arctic 北极
be spawned 发生(台风等)
blast of cold air 冷空气来袭
central barometric reading 中心气压
chill 寒气的
cold wave 寒流
crisp 舒爽的
exploration 探险队
heat wave breaks 热浪消失
heavy fog 浓雾
Meteorological Agency 气象局
non-stop 直达车
on board 乘(船、飞机等)
opposite side 相反方向
out-of-court settlement 庭外和解
out-of-service train 回程车
overbook 超过既定预约人数
passenger jetliners 喷气式客机
derail 脱轨
reconfirmation 再确认
service charge 服务费
subway 地铁
trespass in national airspace 侵犯领空
trek 长途跋涉之旅
shower 阵雨
storm 暴风雨
rainstorm 雨暴
rainfall 降雨量
rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨
hail 冰雹
lightening rod 避雷针
fog 雾
sleet 雨夹雪
heavy showfall 大雪
blizzard 大风雪
breeze 微风
tornado 龙卷风
wind velocity 风速
temperature 气温
thermometer 温度计
back round trip ticket 返程票
crew 机组成员
cumulonimbus 积雨云
currency exchange 货币兑换
departures 处罚航班
evacuate 撤退
go off on a trip 外出旅行
have tires punctured 爆胎
intersection 交叉路口
non-refundable 不可退款的
托业考试语法规则
TOEFL语法第一条：单数可数名词不能单独存在
例子：I LIKE THE FLOWER或I LIKE FLOWERS.不能是：I LIKE FLOWER.
黄金规则1：
一个句子有且只有一个谓语，若有一个谓语就不能再有第二个谓语。若有另一个谓语，就必有连词，关系代词，副词。
一个句子若有连词，关系代词，副词，那此句就二谓语，分句各有自己的谓语。
例子：I GO TO THE OUGH HE HITS ME，I DON‘T HOLD THE GRADGE.
黄金规则2：
在时间，条件，让步，方式，状语从句中，如果从句的主句和主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语构成中有BE动词，从句主语BE动词可以同时省略。
THE BUILDING WAS……，WHEN BUILT……
of用法：OF的后面一定是名词，OF的后面不一定非要是名词，但一般是名词。
简略式：N1 + OF +N2
AS的后面可以跟一个从句的。例如：AS GOOD AS SHE IS.等。
以上两个规则加上语第一条加上TOEFL的词组的特殊搭配，语法可以几乎得满分。但上面的东西，各位T友一定要灵活运用。这些可是新东方语法教育的精华。
更多的语法规则需要大家的总结。希望各位T友积极动起来。
预祝大家语法满分。
托福语法解题圣经一，不要怀疑题目出错
二，不要想方设法读懂题目
三，粗心是满分的敌人
四，不要浪费时间考虑如何改正错误
五，不要在未划线的部分寻找答案
六，看懂句子的结构永远是最重要的
七，不要在难题上花太多工夫
八，决不能放过任何一个动词、连词、关系代词、关系副词
九，平行结构与同谓语的判断至关重要
十，要遵循的常识性的语法规则：
1.介词后面必有宾语
2.句子必须有谓语
托业七大题型详解：Short Talks
