however的用法

　　(1) 表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，

其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句。如：

however much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。

用于此用法时，请注意以下几点：

①此用法属however所有用法中最重要的考点，同学们务请引起高度重视。

②这样用的 however 与 no matter how 大致同义。如：

People always want more, however [no matter how] rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。

however [No matter how] hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。

③有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：

Don’t laugh, however funny it may be. 无论多么有趣也不要笑。

I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无论多么难，我也要按时完成。

④“however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：

I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)

I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。

A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。

　　(2) 表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如：

My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父亲不同意。

My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房间很小，但却很舒服。

He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此，可是他错了。

注：however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)。如：

我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。.

正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game.

正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.

正：We all tried our best. however, we lost the game.

　　(3) 表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。如：

however did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?