2017年成人高考英语试题
科学的高考英语测试体系，合理的高考英语试卷，是建立科学合理的高考英语测试体系的关键。下面是本站小编为你整理关于2017年成人高考英语试题的内容，希望大家喜欢!
第一部分：听力(共两节，20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. At what time will the class start?
A. 6:15. B. 7:30. C.7:45.
2. According to the man, why have drunken driving accidents decreased?
A. The age limit of drinking has been raised.
B. The taxes on alcohol have increased.
C. Alcohol becomes more expensive.
3. When does the conversation take place?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. At night.
4. What can we learn about the woman?
A. She has never expected to be a manager.
B. She thinks it boring to be a salesman.
C. She dislikes living abroad.
5. What mistake did the woman make?
A. She forgot the meeting with Jane.
B. She misunderstood the meeting place.
C. She misunderstood the meeting time.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。
6. Where will the fitness club be moved next year?
A. Across from the railway station.
B. In front of the hospital.
C. Near the bus station.
7. How does the woman suggest the man join the fitness club?
A. By filling in an application form.
B. By making a telephone call.
C. By asking Steve Fulcher.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10题。
8. What is the woman talking about?
A. An exciting day.
B. A trip experience.
C. An embarrassing event.
9. What did the woman and Jim do?
A. They found some candy.
B. They ran away at once.
C. They looked outside the tent.
10. Who on earth made the noise?
A. A bear. B. The woman’s father. C. The woman’s brother.
听下面一段对话，回答第11和第13题。
11. How did the woman get the news?
A. She watched TV.
B. She witnessed the incident.
C. Her friend told her.
12. What was the man doing when he heard the kid shouting?
A. Standing on a huge rock.
B. Walking by the sea.
C. Getting ready to swim.
13. What happened in the end?
A. The kid fell off the rock.
B. The man got the kid down.
C. A plane went to the rescue.
听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16题。
14. What does the woman do at the beginning of a day?
A. She deals with post.
B. She sends out photographs.
C. She visits artists.
15. How often does a new exhibition take place?
A. About twice a week.
B. About twice a month.
C. About once a month.
16. Why is the woman pleased with her job?
A. Her life is nice and calm.
B. She spends time dealing with artworks.
C. Her colleagues are easy to get along with.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。
17. How will ReachOut camps help young People?
A. By developing their leadership skills.
B. By teaching them to solve problems.
C. By planning for their future.
18. What has happened to ReachOut camps in recent years?
A. Free meals are provided.
B. Classroom workshops are set up.
C. Entertainments are added to their activities.
19. What do camp members do in the afternoon?
A. Do the cooking.
B. Practice skills in workshops.
C. Play some outdoor games.
20. What are Helen Yates’ songs mainly about?
A. Social problems.
B. Her experiences.
C. Famous leaders.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分)
第一节 (共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)
A
On a warm Monday, Jenny Neilson bought a sandwich and parked her car under some trees. Rolling down the windows to let in fresh air, she settled back to enjoy her lunch. Suddenly she noticed a big bald man running through the parking lot. Before she came to realize what would happen, the man was there, shouting through her window, “Get out!”
Neilson refused.
Pulling open her door, the man seized her by the neck and hair, and threw her out of the car onto the ground. She screamed, grabbing her purse and the keys.
Two reporters of the local newspaper, Robert Bruce and Jeff Jackson, just outside their office building on a break, heard the screams and began running .
When they reached Neilson’s car, the attacker had jumped into the driver’s seat and was madly searching for the keys. Bruce opened the door, and he and Jackson dragged the man out. The attacker fought back. But even in his cornered panic, he was no match for the two athletic men.
Reggie Miller, a worker of the local newspaper, heard the screams, too. He rushed back to the office to phone the police, and then ran back with some plastic ropes —— used to tie up newspapers.
With his arms tied tight behind him, the prisoner looked up and said coldly, “I hope you guys feel good about yourselves—— you just caught one of the most wanted men.” They ignored him and waited for the police. Later, Bruce and Jackson were shocked to learn the man was the professional carjacker (劫车者)and suspected murderer, whose picture—— but with a full head of hair—— had been recently printed in their own newspaper.
Neilson considers herself lucky though she suffered injuries. She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come to her aid. “Unfortunately,” she said, “many people would never have done what they did, and that is the real truth.”
21. The underlined word “bald” in Paragraph 1 most probably means .
A. strong B. without hair C. ugly D. rude
22. Please arrange the time order of the following events according to the passage.
a. Neilson was enjoying her lunch in the car.
b. A man robbed Neilson of her car.
c. The picture of the carjacker was printed in the local news paper.
d. The carjacker was caught.
A. abcd B. dbca C. cabd D. abdc
23. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Neilson considers herself lucky because she was not badly hurt.
B. Neilson doesn’t think many people will do the same as the three men.
C. Neilson thinks everyone will do the same as the three men.
D. Neilson has great confidence in people’s kindness and bravery.
B
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of Stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life – changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes – Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress – it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.
But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many – like the death of a loved one – are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable and passive in the face of hardship. But what about human initiative (积极性) and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor (活力) than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental stress.
studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to .
spread concern over its harmful effects
t panic over the mental disorder it could cause
intensive research into stress – related illness
lar avoidance of stressful jobs
is “such simplistic advice” in the third paragraph impossible to follow?
one can stay on the same job for long.
prescription is effective in relieving stress.[:...]
le have to get married someday.
could be missing opportunities as well.
can infer from the passage people would become after experiencing stress.
ous when faced with difficulties
ically and mentally stressful
capable of dealing with hardship
ncerned with what happens to them
C
Do you feel lucky? You probably don’t. You may think you’ve got where you are today through willpower and hard work. We tend to overlook luck’s role，and this seems to get worse the richer we get; surveys show that the wealthiest are least likely to owe their fortunes to good fortune. Many such people oppose taxation(税收) and government spending: why should others get a handout(救济品) if they don’t need one? More often than not，they vote against the very policies that helped them get lucky to begin with. In a recent Atlantic essay，Robert Frank，an economist who has studied attitudes to chance，quoted(引用) EB White: “Luck is not something you can mention in the presence of self-made men.”
However， if we see this just as a problem of the super-rich people，we may let the rest of us off too easily. Anyone living in a highly developed economy in 2016 is already the one who benefits from luck—for example，not living in the modern-day Central African Republic， where few people can live a long life. In fact，we are lucky to have been born human. You might have been a battery hen，or a mayfly with only one day to live.
Our blindness to such truths isn’t only because we’re self-absorbed but also we attach more significance to things that are easier to call to mind. It’s not hard to recall countless times when you put in the effort to succeed: struggling through university finals，preparing for job interviews，tolerating a long-distance travel to work. On the other hand，it’s rather difficult to realize you’re privileged—like not being born in a war zone，or before antibiotics(抗生素)，and so forth.
27. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Self-made men don’t like to be talked about.
B. Successful people owe their achievements to luck.
C. Successful people tend to overlook the role of luck.
D. Self-made men are more likely to show off their fortune.
28. According to the author，you are fortunate if you are not .
A. struggling through university finals B. preparing for interviews
C. tolerating a long distance travel D. living in a war zone
29. We can learn from the passage that .
A. few people in Africa are lucky B. each of us is actually privileged
C. people value the importance of luck D. people succeed because of luck
30. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. Luck Is A Blessing B. We Are Lucky
C. How To Be Lucky D. Who Is Lucky
第二节(共5个小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For the rest of March, a disease will sweep across the US. It will keep kids home from school. 31 Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate.
The disease, known as “March Madness”, refers to the yearly 65 – team US men’s college basketball tournament (锦标赛). 32 Teams compete against each other in a single – elimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.
Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness. The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends. 33 Colleagues against bosses.
Big – name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little – known universities.
This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Two years ago, the little – known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. 34
College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. 35 About $ 4 billion will be spent gambling (赌) on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will bring in $ 500 million in advertising income this year, topping the post – season income of every US professional league, including that of the NBA.
A. Husbands against wives.
B. The players will go all out for the games.
C. But that doesn’t mean money isn’t involved.
D. College students will ignore piles of homework.
E. People are willing to spend more money on watching it.
F. It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April.
G. Many people had never even heard of the university before the tournament.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完形填空(共20个小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡该项涂黑。
The other day I shared knowledge on several aspects of Hindi (印地) culture with you. Today I’m hoping to paint a better picture of 36 it means to give in Hindi and how their generosity differs from 37 of Western culture.
I was 38 when we learned the word “thank you” doesn’t really exist in Hindi. In the mountains，it is 39 used， and people often seemed 40 when we tried to thank them. They 41 either turn their heads，or shake their hands at us.
When we asked our Indian friends why this is so，they 42 that giving and generosity are vital parts of their culture. Giving is more of a 43 of “changing hands” than an act of generosity. In their eyes，the foods they would give us were 44 really “theirs”. They see them as something passed along to them and now they are 45 passing them along to us.
The villagers were eager to 46 their best cucumbers to a passing stranger. 47 ，people in the U.S. tend to 48 old，used，or unwanted things 49 their treasured ones.
50 ，during a coffee break，a friend told me about how he donated his 51 clothes and shoes—just for the 52 of giving up the possessions he likes most. Giving is 53 Westerners can certainly do. We can practice 54 giving away the things we value most—not only actual physical possessions，but also perhaps even more 55 ，our time and attention.
36. A. how B. when C. why D. what
37. A. that B. one C. it D. both
38. A. amused B. interested C. shocked D. disappointed
39. A. often B. occasionally C. sometimes D. seldom
40. A. annoyed B. excited C. frightened D. bored
41. A. could B. should C. would D. mightZxxkCom
42. A. learned B. realized C. decided D. explained
43. A. matter B. change C. picture D. state
44. A. ever B. yet C. never D. already
45. A. partly B. equally C. obviously D. simply
46. A. give away B. give out C. give back D. give in
47. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Meanwhile
48. A. return B. possess C. donate D. share
49. A. rather than B. better than C. more than D. less than
50. A. Importantly B. Obviously C. Interestingly D. Luckily
51. A. expensive B. favorite C. beautiful D. casual
52. A. pain B. target C. experience D. reason
53. A. anything B. nothing C. everything D. something
54. A. in B. by C. for D. about
55. A. urgent B. efficient C. important D. flexible
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There were many problems when people first moved into the cities in the US and UK. Many lived in bad conditions in poor housing. The governments on 56 sides of the Atlantic, worked to improve the living conditions of city dwellers (居民). For a while, especially in the U.S., city life came to be seen as the best and most exciting way to live. Living in the rural areas was regarded as boring. Who wanted to be struggling to make 57 living in the country doing hard agricultural labor?
Many in the UK believed that they had a much better chance of improving themselves in the city. It would be 58 (easy) to move from the ranks of physical laborers to the middle classes 59 they could get better jobs and education. However, Britain has always had a deep love of the beauty and peacefulness of the countryside. The upper classes have always liked to have a house both in London 60 in the country. They still wanted to go to the country for the summer.
Over the last two generations in the UK and US, industrialization 61 (slow) down and more people have become dissatisfied with life in urban areas. They are concerned 62 overcrowding, too much traffic and pollution. What most people want now is a life in the country. They want to move to a village, small town or small holding outside of the city 63 they can have more space and some peace and quiet. 64 (develop) in transportation mean that people can continue longer distance, so more people are living as far as they can from urban centers.
People also believe that village and small town life is better for children. Many say that the schools, 65 ( especial) the primary schools, are better in smaller villages. The classes are smaller and some say there will be more positive influence on their children and that their social life will be more fulfilling and nurturing.
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
假如你是李华，在上海学习的英国朋友Tony给你发邮件说周末要来杭州找你玩。请你根据要点提示给Tony写一封信向他介绍这两天的安排。
1.周五晚上在杭州火车站接Tony，住预定酒店;
2.周六参观杭州名胜;
3.周日在家的活动;
4.冬季寒冷，请多备衣物。
注意：1.词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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第二节：读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son. Suddenly a crow(乌鸦)perched(栖息)on their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this?” The son replied, “It is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, “What is this?” The son said, “Father, I have just now told you, it’s a crow!”
After a little while, the old father again asked his son for the third time, “What is this?”
At this time some expression of irritation(恼怒)was felt in the son’s tone when he said to his father with a rebuff(生硬回绝). “It’s a crow, a crow.” A little while later, the father again asked his son the fourth time, “What is this?”
This time, the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered(发皱的)diary, which he had maintained since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I did not at all feel irritated but I rather felt affection for my innocent son.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好;
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
After reading the diary,
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Feeling ashamed,
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2017年成人高考英语试题答案1.D
2. A 即时，副词，立即。B 应为“厘清”， 厘清的支配对象往往是“关系”“原则”“任务”; 而“理清”一般用于有条理的事物，如“理清思路”、“理清头绪”、“理清脉络”、“理清层次”、“理清条理”，等等。C白山黑水：长白山和黑龙江。泛指中国东北地区。D与虎谋皮，与老虎商量要老虎的皮，比喻跟所谋求的对象有利害冲突，决不能成功。后多指跟恶人商量，要他牺牲自己的利益，喻指一定办不到。
3. A B.缺少主语，去掉“让”;C.语序不当，应该改为“接受、处理和传递信息”;D.有歧义，属于“零门槛”选秀节目是指《欢乐喜剧人》还是《中国喜剧星》有歧义
4. D ⑤从柳条的角度写对雨的期待，与下文大地和树根的期待相呼应;③用个转折句，使行文有跌宕;⑥引出对故乡的雷声和雨声的怀想，②照应“雷声”，①照应“雨声”;④结束回忆，带出乡愁)
5. 解释更详细;知识性更强;举例说明;传统文化浓。(每要点1分，其他言之有理也可酌情给分。)
6. 邀请函的正文是指主办方正式告知被邀请方举办活动的目的、事项及要求，写明礼仪活动的日程安排、时间、地点，并对被邀请方发出得体、诚挚的邀请。结尾一般要写常用的邀请惯用语。如“敬请光临”、“欢迎光临、莅临”。
光阴荏苒，岁月如歌。2016年是青云中学发展史上具有里程碑意义的一年，这一年，我们将迎来母校六十周年华诞。亲爱的校友，六十年风雨岁月足以使一棵幼苗长成参天大树，正是有各位校友一直以来的关注和支持，母校才有了今天的成就。为了凝聚校友力量，回顾过去，展望未来，学校决定于2016年12月18日在学校隆重举行建校六十年校庆庆典活动。我们真诚地邀请您届时光临，共贺母校六十华诞。
(活动目的1分，时间1分，邀请1分，感情真挚1分，字数1分)
7.C 题干要求选出“关于‘暴发户审美’的表述，不符合原文意思的一项”，这是考查学生理解文章重要概念的能力。论述类文体阅读的命题主要从概念、判断、推理三个角度命题，概念注意“答非所问”“内涵、外延不准”“误划类别”“张冠李戴”;判断类注意“范围不当”“偷换概念”“曲解文意”;推理注意“强加因果”“强行推理”等错误。答题的关键是审清题干、找准区位、对读原文、寻找细微的差别。C项“整个社会由传统的农耕社会转向现代的工业社会，必然造成国民的美育和审美品格不被提倡，从而出现‘暴发户审美’”说法错误，原文中，“国民的美育和审美品格不被提倡”的原因是受到外来文化的冲击，以及“不爱红装爱武装”时代。
8.D 本题考查学生理解作者观点的能力。D项“中国的知识界做出了杰出努力。未来粗鄙又浮躁的‘暴发户审美’必然会消失”说法错误，对应的信息在原文最后一段“我很欣赏奥运会中的中国印、祥云和开幕式中‘画卷’的设计，这是一种积极和精心的努力。当然，还嫌太少，还只是在设计范畴的个别成功的范例，更大的文化问题是我们的现代审美”“ 而这种时代审美是不会自动转换与完成的。如果现代文化建立不起来，留下的空白一定会被商业文化所占据”，由“当然，还嫌太少，还只是在设计范畴的个别成功的范例”可以确定，“杰出努力、必然消失”是武断的。
9.(1)审美的繁缛与炫富感，完全脱离传统审美的厚重与含蓄。
(2)国力的衰败使奢华的追求无法企及而日渐粗鄙，审美能力和审美标准遭到破坏。
(3)受外来文化的冲击，国民的美育和审美品格已不被提倡。(1点1分，2点3分，3点4分)
10. (1) 一开始被蒙娜丽莎的质朴所吸引，想要接近她;后来收到蒙娜丽莎送还围巾，很感动;围上围巾被铜钉刺伤，很愤恨;最后知道真相，由衷赞美。(3分，1点1分,答满3点即可)
(2)小说通过写凯莉对蒙娜丽莎的态度变化，侧面衬托了蒙娜丽莎的形象;使小说情节跌宕起伏，吸引读者。(2分，1点1分)
11. 揭示了小说的故事背景及社会环境，暗示了主题;引出下文凯莉对蒙娜丽莎的问罪，推进情节;与故事结尾蒙娜丽莎的行为形成对比(衬托)，突出了对蒙娜丽莎人性的赞美。(1点1分，2点3分，3点4分)
12. 通过神情描写(1分)写蒙娜丽莎因被误解而挨打的凄惨和见到凯莉的兴奋，(1分)前后对比，(1分)表现了蒙娜丽莎的单纯质朴、对凯莉的信任(对爱的强烈渴望)(2分)
13.①《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》是达•芬奇的经典画作，以此为题，设置悬念，引人入胜;(2分)②暗示了小说的情节和线索。《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》是画家为小女孩画的三次画像，构成了全文的主体内容，是小说情节发展的线索;(2分)③隐喻了小说的主题。蒙娜丽莎的微笑是小说中小女孩的笑容，象征着小姑娘虽身处穷苦却懂得感恩以及强烈渴望得到爱和尊重的真诚，寄寓了作者对小姑娘悲惨遭遇的同情和对她品质的赞美，隐喻了主题。(2分)
14.B(B.项“病”均训为“认为……是错误的，意动用法”)
15.D(A.项“焉”均训为“句末语气词，可不译”;B.项“乃”均训为“转折关系连词，却”。C.项“而”均训为“转折关系”，D.项“所”第一句中训为“所字结构，与后面的动词结合,构成名词性结构，指代人或事物。第二句中训为“与‘为’呼应,构成‘为…所…’句式,表示被动。”)
16.D(“意在告诫人们要廉洁自奉，不饮盗泉之水”不合原文意思，且无中生有)
17.夫君子以身立教/有可以植正道/遏邪说/正人心/扬公论/皆当见而为之/又何可病而讥之哉?(评分标准：每两处得1分，断对1处不得分，断对2、3处得1分，断对4、5处得2分，断对6处得3分)
18.⑴一个人的生命的长短是由天来决定的，不能够凭借用外力来争得长寿，而立身处事之成功失败(或慈善凶恶)是由自己来决定的。
(评分参考：修短，长短;否臧，成败，善恶。各1分，语句通顺，符合现代汉语规范，没有错别字，得1分。共3分)
⑵(大丈夫之心)用刀剑驱逐逼迫他却不被不义屈服，拿沸水与烈火降临于他却不被不义动摇，难道是喝了一小勺水所能够惑乱改变他的吗?
(评分参考：而，却，可是，转折关系连词;为……屈，被……屈服;为……动，被……动摇;移，改变。四处各1分。语句通顺，符合现代汉语规范，没有错别字，否则扣1分。共4分)
19.前诗表明评论诗歌要有主见，不要人云亦云。 后诗表明诗歌创作要放松心态，灵感自会从天而降。(2分)
20.同：以议论为主。(1分)
异：前诗以议论开篇，“只眼须凭自主张”亮明观点。然后用比喻手法，将见识低下而评诗比作矮人看戏，生动地再现了因见识浅陋而没有定数，人云亦云的情况，从而表明诗歌评论要有自己的主张的观点。后诗以记叙开篇，用对比手法，将少时与老时对诗歌创作的不同感受进行对比，突出诗歌创作心态应该放松的观点。(4分，各2分)
21.孔子重义重德，不完全排斥利，(1分)也不因利而害义失义，不为义拒利而害义(1分)。
22.子路救人受谢，义利两全，既合乎道德又合乎人性，行义获利对行善是一种鼓励，因此可推动助人之风(2分)。子贡重义让利，虽然合乎义，但是拒利反而害了大义，以致“让而止善”，这会让许多想行善者望而却步。(2分)义与利不是对立的而是统一的，重义崇德并不意味着要轻利。(1分)
23. 明月不谙离别苦，斜光到晓穿朱户
舳舻千里，旌旗蔽空
不见复关，泣涕涟涟
士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远
问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来
24. (1)本题材料是一段生活类材料，借书画鉴赏大家张伯驹以及写文章、作书画、唱戏的名人，广阅博览而成名家之事，说明一个道理：名望、名声、成就(面子)来自广阅博览的积累(底子)，成就是建筑在积累的基础上的，面子是依靠底子撑起来的，没有底子就没有面子，没有底子的面子不是面子而是面具。一句话，本段材料的中心是讲面子(成就)与底子(积累)的关系。
(2)立意导引：
本题命题者要求“综合材料内容和含意”，这个要求的意思是：立意要从材料的整体含义出发，而不能从材料的局部或某个侧面、某个角度、某个意义点甚至某个关键词出发。本材料的中心是：底子(积累)与面子(成就)的关系，所以，这是本题写作立意的基点，也是最佳的切入角度，也就是说本题写作立意要讲面子(成就)与底子(积累)的关系，或从两者关系类比引申开来的社会之事、人生之理。
(3)评分标准
①一类卷：讲面子(成就)与底子(积累)的关系，见解独到深刻，说理透彻，52分及以上。
②二类卷：两者关系稍有涉及，重点讲面子(成就)或底子(积累的、读书的)，51分—45分。
③三类卷：只讲面子(成就)或底子(积累的、读书的)，44分—36分。
④四类卷：从材料里引出一个观点，这个观点与材料主旨有点关系但关系不大的，35分—26分。
⑤五类卷：从材料里引出一个观点，这个观点与材料主旨毫无关系的，这就是离题了。25 分及以下。
【参考译文】
从前西晋有一个廉洁的官员，名叫吴隐之，出任广州刺史，经过贪泉饮水，赋诗说：“古人说此水，饮一杯值千金。如果让伯夷、叔齐来饮，应当是始终不变心的。”后来吴隐之最终以其廉洁自律而终其一生。后人称道廉洁之士时，也一定会称(他)为“吴刺史”。元代宪副吴君任职广西时，把(贪泉边)的亭子命名为“饮泉”，是钦慕吴刺史的(缘故);而宪副的廉洁，最终可与吴刺史相提并论。
至正十四年，宪副的孙子吴以时，拿着以前的征士京兆杜伯原所写的“饮泉亭”三个字，来征求我的意见(向我求取文章)。我过去看过前人谈论吴刺史饮泉的事，有人指责他矫情(或 “故作姿态”, “掩饰真心”)，很不认为他的行为是对的。君子用自身的行为来树立榜样，能用来培植正道，遏制邪说，匡正人心，弘扬公道的，(大家)都应当看到并且学习，又怎么可以指责并讥讽他呢?
一个人的寿命长短是上天决定的，不可以凭借人力争取就能得到的。然而做恶事或善事，却是由自己决定的。人心的贪婪与清廉，是从自己内心产生的，难道是身外之物(或“外在的事物”)所能改变的吗?假如那里有(一口)泉水，说是喝了的人会死，我却奋发那种无所畏惧的勇气，冒死饮用，死亡不是我能决定的，而怀抱必死的念头而勉强饮用，这就是矫情，这是没有好处而是沽名钓誉，那么君子就会指责并且不去做这样的事。大丈夫的心胸，要用仁义充实，要用礼仪确立，用刀剑逼迫却不被不义之行所屈服，面对如汤似火一样的险境而不被不义之行所撼动，那难道是一勺水所能惑乱和改变的吗?
人们喜好名利，都是被外物所蛊惑，(好名与好利)只要有一样，那么(他)的操守就不能稳固，因而外物就能够改变他了。像吴刺史这样的人，我知道他决不是矫情 来沽名钓誉的人，只因为他深知道义，明智而自信，忠心实意，所以(他)饮了泉水来昭示世人，让人知道贪婪与廉洁都是发自内心的，而不是借助外物的(力量) 的，让那些表面上追求名声然而内心贪婪污浊的人，不能用借口来减轻自己的罪过，这就是所说的扶植正道，遏制邪说，匡正人心，弘扬公道，真的是能够使愚顽的 人开启心智，使懦弱的人变得自立，他的功绩不在伯夷、叔齐之下啊。
番禺在岭峤之外，距离天子最远，所以在那个地方做官的人，能够放纵贪婪之心。贪婪互相沿袭，成为惯例，百姓没有可以归罪的对象，于是让泉水承担(这个罪名)，(喝了贪泉之水的人会变贪)这是怨恨激愤的人的说法。吴刺史这种行为，不只是使岭外之民开始蒙受天子的恩惠，而且也让泉水得以洗清它的冤屈。百姓，是上天的子民;泉水，是苍天的赐物。一个刺史的职位如果能有合适的人(来担任)，那么百姓与万物都蒙受恩赐。啊，真是伟大啊!吴以时崇尚高尚的气节，敢于直言，看见贪婪之人嫉恨如仇人，所以凡是有俸禄爵位的人，大多不能与他相互投合。我很是敬重他有祖辈的风范，因此写了这篇记。
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