奥巴马在G20匹兹堡峰会记者会讲话

THE PRESIDENT: Good afternoon. Let me, first of all, thank Mayor Luke Ravenstahl, County Executive Dan Onorato, and the people of Pittsburgh for being just extraordinary hosts. Last night during the dinner that I had with world leaders, so many of them commented on the fact that sometime in the past they had been to Pittsburgh -- in some cases it was 20 or 25 or 30 years ago -- and coming back they were so impressed with the revitalization of the city. A number of them remarked on the fact that it pointed to lessons that they could take away in revitalizing manufacturing towns in their home countries. The people here have been just extraordinary, and so I want to thank all of you for the great hospitality.

总统：下午好。首先请允许我对市长卢克•雷文斯塔尔（Luke Ravenstahl）、郡长丹•奥诺拉托（Dan Onorato）和匹兹堡市民如此盛情的接待表示感谢。昨天晚上，我与来自全世界的领导人共同出席晚宴，席间很多人都发表了自己的感想，因为他们以前曾经来过匹兹堡 -- 有些是20年、25年前，甚至30年前的事 -- 但他们今日故地重游，都为这座城市重新焕发青春不胜感佩。其中有些人还表示，他们从中得到启发，可以将经验带回本国，为恢复国内制造业城市的活力提供借鉴。这里的人民的确不同凡响。为此，我对诸位的热情款待表示感谢。

I will tell you I'm a little resentful because I did not get to Pamela's Diner for pancakes. (Laughter.) Although, Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama of Japan did get pancakes. And I don't know how he worked that, but he was raving about them.

告诉诸位，我还有一点小小的遗憾，因为我没有机会去帕梅拉餐厅（Pamela's Diner）品尝煎饼。（笑声）不过，日本首相鳩山由紀夫（Yukio Hatoyama）享受了煎饼的美味。我不知道他怎么办到的。但是他对煎饼始终赞不绝口。

Six months ago, I said that the London Summit marked a turning point in the G20's effort to prevent economic catastrophe. And here in Pittsburgh, we've taken several significant steps forward to secure our recovery, and transition to strong, sustainable, and balanced economic growth. We brought the global economy back from the brink. We laid the groundwork today for long-term prosperity, as well.

早在6个月前，我曾说过，伦敦峰会（London Summit）是G20努力防止经济灾难的一个转折点。今天在匹兹堡，我们已经采取诸多重大步骤，为我们的复苏提供保障，逐步实现经济的稳健、可持续和平衡的增长。通过我们的努力，全球经济脱离了危险。我们今天也为长期的繁荣奠定了基础。

It's worth recalling the situation we faced six months ago -- a contracting economy, skyrocketing unemployment, stagnant trade, and a financial system that was nearly frozen. Some were warning of a second Great Depression. But because of the bold and coordinated action that we took, millions of jobs have been saved or created; the decline in output has been stopped; financial markets have come back to life; and we stopped the crisis from spreading further to the developing world.

不妨回顾一下，我们6个月前面临的局势 – 经济萎缩，失业剧增，贸易停滞，金融系统几乎停止运行。有人惊呼可能出现第2次大萧条（Great Depression）。但是，由于我们采取了大胆和相互协调的行动，千百万个工作机会得到挽救，新工作机会也一个个出现；产量下降的趋势被制止；金融市场春风回暖；我们还防止了危机向发展中国家进一步蔓延。

Still, we know there is much further to go. Too many Americans are still out of work, and struggling to pay bills. Too many families are uncertain about what the future will bring. Because our global economy is now fundamentally interconnected, we need to act together to make sure our recovery creates new jobs and industries, while preventing the kinds of imbalances and abuse that led us into this crisis.

尽管如此，我们知道，前面还有很长的路。很多美国人仍然没有工作，难以应付各项开支。不少家庭感到前途不明。由于各国的经济相互联系，我们必须共同采取行动，保证我们的复苏有助于创造新工作和新产业，同时防止曾经使我们陷入这场危机的不平衡现象和渎职行为再次发生。

Pittsburgh was a perfect venue for this work. This city has known its share of hard times, as older industries like steel could no longer sustain growth. But Pittsburgh picked itself up, and it dusted itself off, and is making the transition to job-creating industries of the future -- from biotechnology to clean energy. It serves as a model for turning the page to a 21st century economy, and a reminder that the key to our future prosperity lies not just in New York or Los Angeles or Washington -- but in places like Pittsburgh.

在这方面，以匹兹堡作为会议地点适逢其会。这座城市也曾经历自己的艰难时刻，因为钢铁等陈旧的工业无法再维持增长。然而，匹兹堡振奋精神，重新出发，目前正逐步转型，发展有助于创造工作机会的未来产业 –– 从生物技术到清洁能源等。匹兹堡是向21世纪经济过渡的楷模。匹兹堡还提醒我们，我们未来繁荣的关键不仅在于纽约（New York），不仅在于洛杉矶（Los Angeles）和华盛顿（Washington），而且也离不开匹兹堡这样的城市。

Today, we took bold and concerted action to secure that prosperity, and to forge a new Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth.

今天，我们为保障未来的繁荣采取了大胆和协调一致的行动，建立了新的“稳健、可持续与平衡增长框架“（Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth）。First, we agreed to sustain our recovery plans until growth is restored, and a new framework for prosperity is in place. Our coordinated stimulus plans played an indispensable role in averting catastrophe. Now, we must make sure that when growth returns -- jobs do, too. That's why we will continue our stimulus efforts until our people are back to work, and phase them out when our recovery is strong.

首先，我们同意维持我们的复苏方案，直到经济恢复增长，直到为繁荣制定的新框架得到实施。我们相互协调的刺激经济方案为避免灾难发挥了不可缺少的作用。目前，我们必须切实做到，在恢复增长之时— 工作机会也能得到保证。正是出于这个原因，我们将继续我们刺激经济的行动，直到我们的人民重回工作岗位，一俟我们的复苏达到坚实的程度，即可逐步退出。

But we can't stop there. Going forward, we cannot tolerate the same old boom and bust economy of the past. We can't grow complacent. We can't wait for a crisis to cooperate. That's why our new framework will allow each of us to assess the others' policies, to build consensus on reform, and to ensure that global demand supports growth for all.

但是我们不能到此为止。展望未来，我们不能允许以往经济盛衰交替的现象重演。我们不可固步自封。我们不能等到危机发生再相互合作。正是出于这个原因，我们的新框架要求我们相互评估政策的得失，就改革问题建立共识，并保证全球的需求带动全体经济的共同增长。

Second, we agreed to take concrete steps to move forward with tough, new financial regulations so that crises like this can never happen again. Never again should we let the schemes of a reckless few put the world's financial system -- and our people's well-being -- at risk. Those who abuse the system must be held accountable. Those who act irresponsibly must not count on taxpayer dollars. Those days are over.

第二，我们同意采取具体步骤制定严格的新金融监管条例，确保类似眼前的危机永远不再发生。我们决不能再容许少数人以肆无忌惮的图谋把世界金融体系乃至我们各国人民的福祉置于险境。对于那些破坏该体系的人，必须追究其责任。对于那些不负责任的人，决不能用纳税人的钱姑息养奸。那种日子一去不复返了。

That's why we've agreed on a strong set of reforms. We will bring more transparency to the derivatives market. And we will strengthen national capital standards, so that banks can withstand losses and pay for their own risks. We will create more powerful tools to hold large global financial firms accountable, and orderly procedures to manage failures without burdening taxpayers. And we will tie executive pay to long-term performance, so that sound decisions are rewarded instead of short-term greed. In short, our financial system will be far different and more secure than the one that failed so dramatically last year.

因此，我们一致同意推行一组强有力的改革措施。我们将提高衍生工具市场的透明度。我们将强化国家资本标准，使银行能够承受损失，弥补自身风险。我们将建立更健全的机制，迫使大型全球性金融公司承担责任，同时制定可稳步实施的程序，在不增加纳税人负担的情况下管理风险。我们还将把高层主管的薪资与长期业绩挂钩，奖励明智的决策而不是贪婪的急功近利行为。总之，我们的金融体系与去年在短短时间内陷入瘫痪的体系相比将有天壤之别，其安全保障将显著增强。

Third, we agreed to phase out subsidies for fossil fuels so that we can transition to a 21st century energy economy -- an historic effort that would ultimately phase out nearly $300 billion in global subsidies. This reform will increase our energy security. It will help transform our economy, so that we're creating the clean energy jobs of the future. And it will help us combat the threat posed by climate change. As I said earlier this week in New York, all nations have a responsibility to meet this challenge, and together, we have taken a substantial step forward in meeting that responsibility.

第三，我们一致同意分阶段终止为化石燃料提供补贴，以便完成向21世纪能源经济的过渡——这是一项具有重大历史意义的努力，最终将在全世界撤除近三千亿美元的补贴。此项改革将增进我们的能源保障，有助于我们的经济转型，使我们在未来的清洁能源领域创造就业机会。它还将有助于我们抗击气候变化带来的威胁。 正如本周早些时候我在纽约所言，所有国家都有责任迎接这一挑战，通过共同努力，我们在履行此项责任方面向前迈出了一大步。

Finally, we agreed to reform our system of global economic cooperation and governance. We can no longer meet the challenges of the 21st century economy with 20th century approaches. And that's why the G20 will take the lead in building a new approach to cooperation. To make our institutions reflect the reality of our times, we will shift more responsibility to emerging economies within the International Monetary Fund, and give them a greater voice. To build new markets, and help the world's most vulnerable citizens climb out of poverty, we established a new World Bank Trust Fund to support investments in food security and financing for clean and affordable energy. And to ensure that we keep our commitments, we agreed to continue to take stock of our efforts going forward.

最后，我们一致同意改革我们的全球经济合作与治理体制。我们不能再用20世纪的方法应对21世纪经济带来的挑战。因此，G20将带头制定一种新的合作方法。为使我们的机构反映这个时代的现实，我们将在国际货币基金组织内部让新兴经济体承担更多责任，并赋予它们更大的发言权。为了建立新市场，帮助世界上挣扎在厄运边缘的人们摆脱贫困，我们建立了一个新的世界银行信托基金，以支持食品保障方面的投资，并为开发价格适度的清洁能源提供资金。为了确保承诺得到履行，我们一致同意在今后继续追踪我们的努力结果。

We have learned, time and again, that in the 21st century, the nations of the world share mutual interests. That's why I've called for a new era of engagement that yields real results for our people -- an era when nations live up to their responsibilities, and act on behalf of our shared security and prosperity.

我们一再体验到，21世纪的世界各国拥有共同利益。因此，我呼吁开辟一个能为我们的人民带来实惠的、注重交往的新纪元。在这个新纪元中，各国承担起应尽的责任，并为共同的安全和繁荣采取行动。

And that's exactly the kind of strong cooperation that we forged here in Pittsburgh, and earlier this week in New York. Indeed, on issue after issue, we see that the international community is beginning to move forward together. At the G20, we've achieved a level of tangible, global economic cooperation that we have never seen before, while also acting to address the threat posed by climate change. At the United Nations Security Council, we passed a historic resolution to secure loose nuclear materials, to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, and to seek the security of a world without them. And as we approach negotiations with Iran on October 1st, we have never been more united in standing with the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China and Germany in demanding that Iran live up to its responsibilities.

这正是我们在匹兹堡以及本周早些时候在纽约建立的这种强有力的合作。的确，在许多问题上，我们都看到国际社会开始携手并进。在G20会议上，我们实现了前所未有的、具体的全球经济合作，同时采取行动应对气候变化的威胁。在联合国安理会会议上，我们通过了一项具有历史意义的决议，增强散落核材料的保安措施，制止核武器扩散，寻求一个安全的、没有核武器的世界。在我们即将于10月1日同伊朗进行谈判之际，我们与英国、法国、俄罗斯、中国和德国的立场达到空前一致，共同要求伊朗履行其责任。

On all of these challenges, there is much more work to be done. But we leave here today more confident and more united in the common effort of advancing security and prosperity for all of our people.

在应对所有这些挑战方面都有更多工作要做。但是，当我们今天离开此地时，我们更有信心，更加团结，决心为增进我们各国人民的安全和繁荣共同努力。

So I'm very grateful to the other world leaders who are here today. And with that, let me take a few questions. I'll start with Ben Feller of AP.

因此，我对今天与会的其他国家的领导人深表感谢。我的讲话到此结束，现在回答几个问题。请美联社的Ben Feller先提问。