雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析

同义替换是雅思考试的重点考察方式，遍布听说读写4科，在雅思阅读上，则是举足轻重的存在，可谓得同义替换者，得雅思阅读天下。下面是小编为您收集整理的雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析，供大家参考!

上义词与下义词相信是为大部分Ieltser所不熟悉的，但在雅思阅读的同义替换考察中，它却是幽灵杀手般的存在。。本文将通过多种雅思阅读题型实例来展示一下上义词与下义词在雅思阅读各种题型中的应用，希望能给大家一些启发。

首先，我们来看一道雅思阅读判断题，选自C5-P42-Q13 Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours.本题定位原文最后一段难度不大，但很多同学把最后一段看了一遍又一遍，还是没有结果。大家也不妨试一下。原文如下:

Baekeland's invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrial expansion - 'the material of a thousand uses,. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors' marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.

实际上，此题就运用了雅思阅读同义替换之上义词替换下义词这一伎俩。我们可以通过colours 定位到原文这样的信息‘ no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era’。也就是将colours替换了文中大部分学员比较熟悉browns。由于看出limit与restrict的替换难度并不大，那么此题与原文中no longer矛盾，选FALSE也就很轻松了。

其实，不仅仅是判断题，在雅思阅读填空题中的应用也让不少学员尝到很多苦头。我们再看一个例子，选自C6-P29-Q40 ........... produce is particularly expensive. 此题在原文中的定位难度也不大，很多学员都定位了如下的原文内容。

Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around £7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat.

但是，具体答案定位哪一句，很多同学犯了难，原文中根本就没有与答案最为密切的produce。我们再仔细分析一下，原来题干中的produce (农产品)可以替换原文中meat，答案也就是imported了。在这里，我只能说不熟悉这种命题思路的烤鸭被害惨了。

其实，相比以上两种题型，上义词与下义词在雅思阅读段落信息配对题的出现频率更高。比如，C9-P93-Q18：

reference to a possible link between culture and a particular form of behaviour, 其中‘a particular form of behaviour’替换了原文H段的‘a struggle over toy’, 再比如C9-P43-Q5： a list of medical conditions which place some children more at risk from noise than others，其中‘medical conditions’替换了原文D段的 ‘hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD)’。

我们发现，题干中的名词可能会作为上义词来考查，回原文定位时需要留意该词的具体化概念，并谨记‘题上文下’的雅思阅读同义替换原则。

　　雅思阅读信号词讲解 8种类型助你不再迷茫

在雅思阅读具体的解题过程中，其实有一个关键节点，就是定位到关键词，可如何快速定位呢?那么就要运用到文章中广泛出现的雅思阅读信号词了。可以说提升雅思阅读速度，答题准确率，都要靠这些信号词的导引。

雅思阅读当中，与考点相关的信号词根据其所表达的逻辑关系可以八大类，分别是表顺接和递进，表对比和转折，表相似，表排列次序，表强调作用，表最高级。比较级，表因果关系，表举例子和说明。信号词好比旅途中的路标与灯塔，让你不致迷路，可以朝着发现解题题眼的正确方向迈进，所以，熟练掌握各类雅思阅读关键词是雅思高分的基本条件之一。

雅思阅读信号词之一、顺接和递进

例词：also， furthermore， moreover， what is more， in addition…

考点：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom… (C6， P28， Q31找标题)

解析：And在这句话开头，有一定的递进含义，this wisdom则是指代了前面一句话出现的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因纽特人传统的知识)，所以这两句话有紧密的联系，同学们在读题的时候要通过发现信号词，然后发散地看它的前后句，最后把考点考察的 意思补充完整。

雅思阅读信号词之二、对比和转折

例词：however， but， although， nevertheless， on the other hand， by comparison， while

考点：But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. (C7 P24 Q20)

解题：此题是段落大意配对题，在确定H段段落大意时，段落中间but之后出现的那句话就是解题的关键，根据句子中出现的两个比较级，可以确定答案应该为X The need to raise standards.

考点：While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages， few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanove and his associates. (C7 P27 倒数第二段 Q39， 40)

解析：段首句用while引起注意，我们可以根据success， 和后半句中的few teachers， spectacular results， 搞定最后两个填空题。

雅思阅读信号词之三、相似

例词：similarly， in other words， that is， put another way， as …

考点： Thus， we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.(C4， P28， Q40)

解析：题目考的是对文章的总结。因此解题时重点看文章中表示结论的句子，thus这个单词给了我们提示，而句子中的as.。表达的是一个相似的逻辑，因此答案可以确定为B。

雅思阅读信号词之四、排列次序

例词：firstly， second， another， the second， the most， the best， next， then， now， later， since， eventually， finally…

考点：First， it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second， it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way，。。. (C5， P49， Q30-31)

解析：题目30-31考的是并列和否定的逻辑关系，原文中的first， second， 对应的就是题目中的neither.。.。。这个并列关系，这两题的答案就迎刃而解了。

考点：First mechanism， then mass use of chemical fertiliser and pesticides， then monocultures， then battery rearing of livestock， and now genetic engineering – the onward marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last hal- century， as the yields of produce have soared. (C7， P44， Q15)

解析：段首句连用表示次序的信号词，first， then， then… and now， 体现发展的不同阶段。(the stages of development of farming industry C7 P77 选择配对)

雅思阅读信号词之五、强调作用

例词：in fact， in essence， in particular， emphasize…

考点：This， in essence， is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates… (C5， P21， Q18 信息包含题)

解析：信息包含题考察细节是在哪个段落出现，在做此类题目时，要注意信号词与考点的密切相关性，从而迅速找准答案。这里出现了in essence(实质上)，起了一定的强调作用，迅速扫读后，发现同时出现了题目关键词sociobiology， 破折号后面的介词to表目的，与题目中的the general aim of一致对应。

雅思阅读信号词之六、最高级、比较级

例词：–est， most， best， more， better， superior， inferior， preferable， exclusively， extremely.。。

考点：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain， animal or human. (C5， P44， Q24)

解析：题目中出现了最高级the most difficult tasks， 因此在原文中也应该相应的出现最高级。除了明显的the most， -est， 还有些单词本身也含有最高级的含义，比如extremely， exclusively， superficially， 文中的这个extremely demanding对应的就是题目中的最高级，所以答案也确定。

雅思阅读信号词之七、因果关系

例词：as， because， since， lead to， as a result， result in， consequently， therefore， thus， the caused of…

考点：Until recently， not much was known about the topic， and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence， schools would often deny the problem.(C6， P94， Q33)

解题：题目问的是学校否认问题反应了什么，就是这个现象的根本原因。因此原文中consequence就给解题提供了信息，根据consequence之前的一句话就可以将答案找到。

雅思阅读信号词八、举例子和说明

例词：for example， for instance， that is to say， i.e.， such as， including…

考点：Other substances were then introduced： including fillers， such as woodflour， asbestos or cotton… (C5， P39， Q5 流程图)

解析：我们看到such as后面是举例子，such as后面的例子可以作为定位词，woodflour， asbestos， cotton就是fillers的其中一种。Fillers在这里就是一个概括性的词语，常常是考点。